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PSYC112 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what was Rosseaus theory of social psychology

A

man is good by natture and society is evil

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2
Q

what is hobbes theory of psychology

A

poore, nasty and brutish by nature and society prevents ‘war against all’

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3
Q

what are the five approaches to social psychology

A

cognitive, learning, motivational, biological and cultural

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4
Q

what does the cognitive approach mean

A

how perception affects behaviour

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5
Q

what is the learning approach of social psychology

A

reinforcement and imitation, focus on observational behaviour and ignore cognition

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6
Q

what is the motivational approach to social psychology

A

emphasis on basic human needs, based on evolutionary knowledge

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7
Q

what is the biological approach to social psychology

A

based on the evolutionary past and genetic disposition

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8
Q

what is the cultural approach to social psychology

A

how culture affects social behaviour

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9
Q

interpersonal explanation

A

based on what goes on inside a person - is there brain malfunctions etc

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10
Q

intergroup explination

A

why are specific groups more voilent

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11
Q

what did freud draw attention to

A

study of the unconscious, developmental aspects of personality and how talking can sure

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12
Q

what is the ID

A

the primitive, in the present, basic part of the psyche. constabtly wants satisfaction

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13
Q

what is the ego

A

uses reality principles and societal standards to limit but still try and achieve the IDs ideals

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14
Q

what is the superego

A

moral policeman, internalized rules of parents and society

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15
Q

what are the four defence mechanisms and what do they entail

A

displacement - when the impulse is redirected onto a safer route and take out anger on someone else
projection - when the issue is projected onto another person as afraid to admit it
reaction formation - when the opposite to the original wish is carried out
isolation - when no emotion is connected to the experience and someone has separated it from themselves. are able to talk about it calmly

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16
Q

what are the 5 stages of psycho development and their age brackets

A

oral (0-2), anal (2-4), phallic (4-6), latency (6-12) and genital (12+)

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17
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A

when boys sexually obsess over mother and hate father, thinks dad will castrate him which creates anxiety. eventually gets over it and identifies with father in hope of enjoying an erotic partner also

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18
Q

what happens to girls in the phallic stage

A

realizes she does not have a penis and feels as though she has been castrated, gets penis envy and turns sexual attention to father hoping he will give her a penis, in baby form, hates mother and eventually resolves by identifying with mother

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19
Q

what do difficulties in the oral, anal and phallic stage create

A

oral : oral fixation, smoking and thumb sucking
anal : anal retentiveness, obstinate and like painting
phallic : castration anxiety leads to homosexuality

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20
Q

(freud) what was a flawed experiment about repression

A

showed threatening and non-threatening words, threatening words took longer to report which he used to claim that threatening stimuli is repressed

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21
Q

components of attitude

A

cognitive, behavioural, affective

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22
Q

what is the likert scale

A

agree on scale to series of questions. BIAS as peolpe can lie

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23
Q

what is the bous pipeline

A

ppl gaslit into thinking opinions are being read by muscle expression

24
Q

how does EMG measure attitude

A

activity of facial muscle measurement

25
Q

what did LaPiere (1934) believe

A

toured with a chinese couple and called asking if they would be allowed in, 92% said no, howeer only 1 stopped them (out of 50)

26
Q

according to the theory of planned behaviour, when is behaviour and attitude most in line

A
  1. when positive attitude towards behaviour
  2. when norms support attitude
  3. when behaviour is under our control
27
Q

what does cognitive dissonance mean

A

how attitude changes to match behaviour

28
Q

when does fear work as an emotional appeal

A

when the message evokes moderate fear or provides a feasible way to reduce threat

29
Q

what did McAlidter et al do

A

attitude resliance - id be a chicken if i smoked just to impress you

30
Q

definition of attribution

A

central perception that ‘peoples perception of the causes of an event affects what they do and how they feel’

31
Q

what did frey and rogner say about attribution

A

following accidents, poelpe who blamed themselves took 1.5 times longer to recover

32
Q

what are the two styles of attributoin and how do they apply

A

pessimistic - attributes to own internal characteristics. optimistic - attribute to external characteristics

33
Q

what are the three levels of attribution

A

interpersonal, intrapersonal and intergroup

34
Q

what is interpersonal attribution

A

what goes on in someones mind to make an attribution

35
Q

intrapersonal attribution and its tendancies

A

mistakes of other person - internal, mistakes of self - external

36
Q

what did Miller (1984) show

A

that individuals from western cultures favour dispositional explanations whereas ones from non-western cultures favour environmental explanations

37
Q

what did McKnight find out

A

83% of people met significant other i familiar social setting, 6% in a casual setting

38
Q

what did Mita et al claim

A

people prefer reversed version of selves as had more exposure to this version

39
Q

what did white et al find

A

women rated looks 22nd, men 12th out of 32 traits

40
Q

what did walster et al do and use

A

used school dance and scolastic ability tests and showed that if they found attractive, were more likely to date

41
Q

what did Whipple find out about sex

A

than 90% of men would agree when approached by an attractive women, only 10% of women agree when approached by attractive man

42
Q

what is social facilitation

A

how the presence of others influences our behaviour

43
Q

what did Schmitt do (1986) - social facilitation

A

gave tasks out for people to perform and showed that when others were present, the ability to perform the simple task increased whereas the ability to do the complex task decreaseda

44
Q

what did Jajonc do and prove

A

drive theory of facilitation - presence leads to increased arousal and increases the display of dominant reponse. if good will get better, if bad will get worse

45
Q

what did latane and darley study about the diffusion of responsibility

A

group size increases, individual responability decreases. when put in a room and smoke comes out, 75% reacted when alone, only 1% when with others

46
Q

what is deindividuation

A

presence of other people can have bizarre or negative effects. decrease in self awareness leads to increase in anti-social behaviour, anonymity leads to aggression and loss of self-awareness leads to anonymity

47
Q

what did solomon asch show about anonymity

A

75% went with majority

48
Q

what did milgram show with the teacher experiment

A

66% of poeple went to XXXDANGER level to the end

49
Q

what is the definition of prejudice

A

holding of derogatory attitudes or beliefs, expression of negative/hostile/discriminatory behaviour toward member of a group

50
Q

what did Adorno et al define the authoritarian personality as

A

like people in authority, hostile to those inferior

51
Q

from a freudian perspective, why do poeple acquire an authoritian personality

A

derived from childhood, child basic instinct stifled and aggression displaced onto ethnic minorities so ppl over differential and submissive to authority, hostile to minorities

52
Q

what are the two implicit assumptions of realistic group conflict theory

A

if the interests of both coincide, realtions will be harmonious, if there is conflict then relations will be hostile

53
Q

what was stage 1 and stage 2 of SHERIFs field experiements

A

1 - divided into two groups and participated in cooperative group activities
2 - groups brought together and into competition with big prizes for winner

54
Q

what did the competition in stage 2 create

A

hostility, sneakiness, wouldnt eat together, abuse and voilence

55
Q

what was the minimal group paradigm and what did it show

A

an environment where basic conditions needed for discrimination were created and showed that discrimination occurs to those who belong in a different group than themselves

PSYC112 (2 decks)

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