Social Psychology

Question 1

Social Psychologists

Answer 1

study the connections of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

Attribution Theory

Answer 2

we attribute someone’s actions to either their disposition (how they are) or their situation

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Theory

Answer 3

we put too much weight into the person’s disposition, and not enough into their surroundings

Question 4

Actor-Observer Effect

Answer 4

The tendency to attribute our own behavior mainly to situational causes but the behavior of others mainly to internal (dispositional) causes.

Question 5

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 5

tendency to attribute success to internal effects (being smart, working hard) and failures to external effects (saying the test was unfair)

Question 6

Attitudes

Answer 6

feelings that drive us to respond to a situation, person, or event in a certain way

Question 7

Central Route of Persuasion

Answer 7

a change-of-attitude where people evaluate arguments and respond with favorable thought

Question 8

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Answer 8

a change-of-attitude where people are influenced by quick cues and make quick judgments (kate upton eating Hardees)

Question 9

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

Answer 9

a person goes along with a small requests, he or she will go along with bigger requests.

Question 10

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 10

thinking one thing and doing another

Question 11

Conformity

Answer 11

fitting in with a social norm

Question 12

Normative Social Influence

Answer 12

we conform because we do want to be rejected

Question 13

Informational Social Influence

Answer 13

we conform because we believe what others say

Question 14

Compliance

Answer 14

going along with what someone says

Question 15

Obedience

Answer 15

obeying the directions of an authority figure

Question 16

Social Facilitation

Answer 16

better performance when someone is watching

Question 17

Social Inhibition

Answer 17

worse performance when someone is watching

Question 18

Social Loafing

Answer 18

giving less effort in a group

Question 19

Deindividuation

Answer 19

giving up normal restraints in a crowd (cussing and screaming at sports games)

Question 20

Bystander Effect

Answer 20

if there are several people present during an emergency, we’re less likely to take action.

Question 21

Group Polarization

Answer 21

differences between two groups will widen as time passes.

Question 22

Groupthink

Answer 22

everyone in the group quietly goes along with the others to keep harmony

Question 23

Culture

Answer 23

shared attitudes, behaviors, values and traditions

Question 24

Cultural Norms

Answer 24

social expectations of behavior

Question 25

Prejudice

Answer 25

feelings against people of different backgrounds

Question 26

Stereotypes

Answer 26

generalizations made about an entire group of people

Question 27

Discrimination

Answer 27

actions taken against people of a different background

Question 28

Ingroup

Answer 28

those on the inside of a social circle

Question 29

Outgroup

Answer 29

those who are not in the ingroup

Question 30

Ingroup Bias

Answer 30

the “us vs them” mentality

Question 31

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 31

blaming an entire group of people for ones problems

Question 32

Other-Race Effect

Answer 32

viewing other races as if “they all look the same”

Question 33

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 33

the belief that good behavior is rewarded and bad behavior is punished

Question 34

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 34

repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases how much we like it

Question 35

Halo Effect

Answer 35

we only see the good in people that we like

Question 36

Passionate Love

Answer 36

brought on by sexual arousal

Question 37

Compassionate Love

Answer 37

deeper love that lasts

Question 38

Equity

Answer 38

This is where both the man and woman help out one another

Question 39

Self-Disclosure

Answer 39

revealing our innermost desires and dreams to our spouse

Question 40

Altruism

Answer 40

putting others before ourselves

Question 41

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 41

we help others if we weigh the costs and benefits and the benefits outweigh the costs.

Question 42

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 42

we should give help (not harm) to those who’ve helped us.

Question 43

Social-Responsibility Norm

Answer 43

we should help those who are in need.

Question 44

Social Traps

Answer 44

when our self-interest leads us into lose-lose situations.

Question 45

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Answer 45

Imagine two criminals arrested then held in separate rooms. Under interrogation, each is given a choice, either (A) don’t confess or (B) confess.
1. If person 1 confesses, he gets off easy, especially if person 2 does not confess.
2. If person 2 confesses, he gets off easy, especially if person 1 does not confess.
What usually happens is that both people will confess (they both act in their own best interest). The best option is that neither confesses, but out of fear of “being slammed” by their partner, they do what’s best for themselves and both confess

Question 46

Mirror Image Perceptions

Answer 46

we tend to view others as evil and untrustworthy and they see us the same way.

Question 47

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 47

a prediction that verifies itself

Question 48

Super-ordinate Goals

Answer 48

shared goals that cancel out differences and which can only be achieved through cooperation.

Question 49

Solomon Asch

Answer 49

came up with conditions that strengthen conformity…
Insecurity.
-1 Group must have 3+ people.
-2  The group is unanimous.
-3Someone in the group is admired.
-4 No commitment has been made yet.
-5 Others watch one another.
-6 Your culture values social standards.

Question 50

Stanley Milgram

Answer 50

Obedience to authority “shock test”

Question 51

Phillip Zimbardo

Answer 51

came up with Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 52

Bibb Latane + John Darley

Answer 52

came up with the Bystander Effect