Social Psychological Factors

Question 1

Sutherland (1939)

Answer 1

who argued that criminals are not born, they are made, focusing everything on socialisation as criminals take on the views of criminal social groups.

Question 2

Edwin Sutherland (1949)

Answer 2

stated that there are clear gender differences when it comes to socialisation. Firstly, girls are more supervised and more strictly controlled. Secondly, boys are encouraged to take risks and to be tough and aggressive. Therefore, boys have more of an opportunity and an inclination to commit crime.

Question 3

Bandura (1977)

Answer 3

argues that all people (but especially children) learn their behaviour by observing and imitating role models

Question 4

Osborne and West (1979)

Answer 4

• suggests criminal behaviour may have a genetic explanation, however does not take into account biological factors.

Question 5

Newburn (2002)

Answer 5

• additionally the theory cannot explain why most of the smaller crimes are committed by younger people - 40% of offences are committed by people under the age of 21