social psychological explanations of aggression: de-induviduation 2018

Question 1

explain crown behaviour?

Answer 1

• because we are easily identified by others our behaviour is constrained by social norms
• as part of a group we have freedom to behave in different ways and lose sense of responsibility having greater disregard for social norms

Question 2

explain how de-individualisation leads to aggression?

Answer 2

• Zimbardo believes de-individulaised behaviours are impulsive and irrational
• conditions of de-individualisation promote aggression eg. darkness, drugs and anonymity
• less fear of retribution when in a crowd

Question 3

evaluate anonymity in online services services eg. X-box

Answer 3

• STRENGTH
• found these services promote de-individualisation as there is a reduction of personal identity
• strong correlation between anonymity and abuse especially when they could hide their identities
• link shown between anonymity and aggression due to media use

Question 4

explain the role of self awareness within a crowd?

Answer 4

• de-individualisation in crowd= greater likelihood of aggression
• private self awareness: how we pay attention to out own behaviour is reduced in crowd
• public self awareness: extent to how much we care about others opinions is reduced as part of a crowd
• both = less accountability for aggression

Question 5

evaluate de-individualisation and prosocial behaviour?

Answer 5

• STRENGTH
• Johnson and Downing
• study where female pp’s gave electric shock to confederate (3 conditions)
  
  1. KKK outfit =more intense shocks
  2. nurse = fewer and more compassionate
  3. own clothes
• shows aggression and prosocial behaviour= outcomes of de-individualisation

Question 6

evaluate how de-individualisation may not always lead tp aggression for de-individualisation and prosocial behaviour?

Answer 6

• WEAKNESS
• study where 8 pp’s were placed in dark room and told to do whatever= kissing and intimacy
• repeated w/ face to face contact= kissing and touching declined