social psychological explanation - criminal behaviours

Question 1

gender socialisation theory

Answer 1

p1- patterns of socialisation
from upbringing girls and boys are socialised different
girls = controlled = caring and submissive
boys = risk takers = aggression

p2- role models
mum = role model for daughter
dad = role model for son
mum is PCG so more common for girls whereas boys refute femininity and seek out masculinity through peers/gangs

p3- differences in social control
women = more controlled at home/work so less likely to have time to commit white collar crimes
risks of double jeopardy
women have fewer opportunities so normally commit crimes for revenge

Question 2

differential association theory

Answer 2

what is learned?
pro criminals attitudes are learned from social situations
groups have a defined set of morals e.g steeling from houses but not from old people
if pro criminal attitudes outweighs the anti criminal attitude = will reoffend

Question 3

evaluation of gender socialization theory

Answer 3

p1- alternative hypothesis
chivalry hypothesis
police/judges are men who are socialized to favour women so women = less likely to be arrested so there may be other explanations

p2- out of date
these stereotypes date back to 1940s
less relevent now as women dont stay at home
focus on equal rights/opportunity

p3- hormonal differences
men have higher testosterone causing agression
women have higher oestrogen which is caring
biological basis to show theyre predisposed

Question 4

differential association evaluation

Answer 4

supporting research
osborne and west
13% of non criminal fathers = criminal sons whereas 40% of criminal fathers = criminal sons
role models influence pro crimina attitudes