Methods Of Modifying (1) Anti Psychotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are anti psychotics

A

Can be taken as tablets, syrups or injections - some mash be short term and symptoms don’t come back but some may be required to take the medication for the rest of their lives - 2 types

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2
Q

Typical (conventional) antipsychotics

A

-first generation
-example is haldol or chlorpromazine
-antagonist (blocking agent) of D2 receptors as well as D1-5
-pre synaptic neuron releases dopamine into the synapse where the receptor sites on the post synaptic neuron are blocked
-this causes a build up of dopamine being secreted - which eventually lowers
-reduction in the dopamine in the Mesolimbic pathway = decline of positive symptoms
Possible side effects
-tardive dyskinesia/ weight gain/ itchy skin

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3
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

-second generation
-e.g. clorazil
-work like conventional acting as a dopamine antagonist but the precise mechanism is not clear
-only temporality blocks dopamine
-also acts on serotonin for depression
-treats both positive and negative symptoms
Side effects
-less prevalent that typical
-low white blood cells

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4
Q

Evaluation - effectiveness

A

S-strength as supporting research concurs
E- research shows 75% of those given a conventional anti psychotic were considered ‘much approved’ compared compared to 25% given placebo (48% of placebo got worse)
C- some research shows 1/3 of patients don’t respond to anti psychotics
W-highly useful when seeking to understanding how anti psychotics can be used a method of modifying sz

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5
Q

Evaluation - Effectiveness

A

S- a weakness is the issue of non compliance
E-sz patients tend to lack the necessary ‘insight’ into their own condition as they don’t believe they have a problem so don’t take the medication
E- research shows
54% compliance
37.5% non compliance
W- anti psychotics may not be as effective as they seem so need to question the validity

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6
Q

Evaluation of ethics

A

S- limitation as they’re used to keep sz under control essentially a ‘chemical straight jacket’
E-rather than having therapeutic value and curing symptoms they redirected paitents to calm zombie like state - method of social control
E-however it could be argued they’re necessary to keep sz patients from harming themself or others
W-overall unethical as it raises questions what purpose they serve

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7
Q

Effectiveness conclusion

A

In the real world despite antipsychotics such as typical ands atypical revolutionising the treatment of sz with the shared consensus that atypical are more useful due to lesser side effects and treating both positive and negative symptoms - its siuggested that antipsychotics may not be as effective as they seem as studies don’t suggest its a perfect cure as all research to support are clinical control studies

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8
Q

Evaluation - ethics

A

S-weakness due to serious side effects
E-e.g tardiuve dyskenesia and parkinsonainism ( irregular muscle movements typically in the face that is irreversible
E- editionally during an episode of psychosis questions over valid consent are raised
W-must consider whether the benefits outweigh the side effects to protect them from harm especially when valid consent hasn’t been given

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9
Q

Evaluation - social implication

A

S- strength as they’ve revolutionised a new type of care
E-originally an incurable condition which required institutionalisation to one that could be treated in the community with the potential for independent living and recovery
E-they can then contribute to society and reduces cost of lifetime hospitalisation
W- has benefits for not only those with sz but the rest of society

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10
Q

Ethics/social implications conclusion

A

Antipsychotics have had a major life long positive social implications and have raised so much awareness for sz. However there are huge ethical risks that need to be recognised and fully way up the pros/cons as consent is a big issue in the state of psychosis but it can be deemed necessary if they’re a threat to themself and or society

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