Social Psychological Explanation 2: The Role Of The Media

Question 1

How can SLT be applied to this theory?

Answer 1

The film star or celebrity acting as the role and vicarious reinforcement would be, for example, be the portrayal of the character as popular or glamorous in the film.

Question 2

Lyons et al., 2011, 2013

Answer 2

Alcohol use was seen in 86% of popular UK films and in 40% of TV programmes.

Question 3

Glantz et al. (2002)

Answer 3

Compared smoking in films from 1950 to 2002, found that although there was a decrease in smoking incidents shown between 1950 and 1982, this then increased again up to 2002 to similar levels seen in 1950.

Question 4

Hasantha gunasekera et al. (2005)

Answer 4

Analysed 87 of top 200 movies of last 20 years. Tobacco and alcohol use were common, also incidences of cannabis and other drug use were noted. The addictions tended to be portrayed positively and without consequence. Provided vicarious reinforcement.

Question 5

Robert wellman Et al. (2006)

Answer 5

Reviewed a number of studies looking at how exposure to tobacco advertising and use of cigarettes in films influenced children’s attitudes to smoking and their smoking habits.

Question 6

What did Robert wellman et al. Find?

Answer 6

Across a variety of studies, that exposure to marketing and media promoting smoking increased positive attitudes and even doubled the chances of starting to smoke.

Question 7

Reiner Hanewinkel et al. (2014)

Answer 7

Studied 2,346 teenagers ages 12-14 from a range of European cultures who reported that they had never drunk alcohol and did not intend to do so. About 12 months later, 40% of the sample had tried alcohol and 9% had engaged in binge drinking. It was shown that exposure to alcohol occurrences in films was associated with an increased risk of drinking alcohol.