social psychological explanation Flashcards
differential association theory, gender socialisation
what does differential association theory argue
that criminal behaviour is learned from our social groups
what other theory does it agree with and which side
nurture or nature
the theory agrees with nurture for differential association
who proposed differential association theory and what year
sutherland 1939
what did sutherland argue
that criminals are not born but are madeas individuals take on the views of criminal social groups
differential association theory is what type of theory
social learning theory
what does social learning theory suggest that
criminal behaviour is learned in association with those who have criminal attitudes compared to associations with those who have non criminal attitudes
what does the term differential association refer to
the fact that people may vary the frequency with which they socialise with certain groups for example if you mix more with people who hold positive views on crime, the more likely you are to develop the same views
what crimes does DAT include meaning that these behaviours can be learnt from those around us
transactional vice
property crime
mundane crime
white collar crimes
what does transactional vice type of crime include
prostitution
drug dealing
what does property crime include
theft
robberies
what does mundane crime include
speed limits
using phone while driving
drink/drug driving
what does white collar crime include
fraud
bribery
tax evasion
how are mundane and white collar crimes viewed as being connected to social norms
as more people do it it becomes normalised so then when people commit these cries the criminal doesn’t see it as a abnormal type of behaviour
how many principles did sutherland have in his differential association theory
9
try to name all 9 principles
1 criminal behaviour is learned
2 criminal behaviour is learned through interactions with others through communication
3 most learning about criminal behaviour happens in intimate personal groups and relationships
4 the process includes learning ways to carry out this criminal behaviour as well as reasons as to why people commit these crimes and developing attitudes
5
gender - what gender comimits more crime
males over females
gender - what statistic of males by their 40th birthday have a conviction
1/3 men
1/10 women
gender - what fraction of men are responsible for recorded offences
4/5
gender - what crime are women most likely to be convicted for
property crimes
gender - what type of criminal are males most likely to be
repeat offenders and have longer criminal careers and will commit more serious crimes
gender- whereas women commit less crime than men , they commit …..
all types of criminal behaviours
gender - what is gender socialisation
process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with ones sex
gender - what did social psychologists explain through gender socialisation
that men and women behave in different ways as we learn different social roles
gender - what does the sex role theory argue
that boys and girls are socialised differently , this results in boys becoming more delinquent
gender - girls are more supervised and more strictly controlled whereas …
boys are encouraged to take risks and to be tough
gender - what does social learning theory suggest and this means that
that we learn about gender socialisation through observation and we imitate our role models ad this means that boys will most likely imitate their fathers and girls with imitate their mothers behaviour
gender - what effect does it have if a boy has less access to their same sex role model
they will tend to reject behaviour from their mother which is seen as feminine so they seek out male peer groups as in these groups they usually focus on toughness and aggressive aspects , this therefore leads to anti social and delinquent behaviour
