social psychological explanation

Question 1

what does differential association theory argue

Answer 1

that criminal behaviour is learned from our social groups

Question 2

what other theory does it agree with and which side

Answer 2

nurture or nature
the theory agrees with nurture for differential association

Question 3

who proposed differential association theory and what year

Answer 3

sutherland 1939

Question 4

what did sutherland argue

Answer 4

that criminals are not born but are madeas individuals take on the views of criminal social groups

Question 5

differential association theory is what type of theory

Answer 5

social learning theory

Question 6

what does social learning theory suggest that

Answer 6

criminal behaviour is learned in association with those who have criminal attitudes compared to associations with those who have non criminal attitudes

Question 7

what does the term differential association refer to

Answer 7

the fact that people may vary the frequency with which they socialise with certain groups for example if you mix more with people who hold positive views on crime, the more likely you are to develop the same views

Question 8

what crimes does DAT include meaning that these behaviours can be learnt from those around us

Answer 8

transactional vice
property crime
mundane crime
white collar crimes

Question 9

what does transactional vice type of crime include

Answer 9

prostitution
drug dealing

Question 10

what does property crime include

Answer 10

theft
robberies

Question 11

what does mundane crime include

Answer 11

speed limits
using phone while driving
drink/drug driving

Question 12

what does white collar crime include

Answer 12

fraud
bribery
tax evasion

Question 13

how are mundane and white collar crimes viewed as being connected to social norms

Answer 13

as more people do it it becomes normalised so then when people commit these cries the criminal doesn’t see it as a abnormal type of behaviour

Question 14

how many principles did sutherland have in his differential association theory

Answer 14

9

Question 15

try to name all 9 principles

Answer 15

1 criminal behaviour is learned
2 criminal behaviour is learned through interactions with others through communication
3 most learning about criminal behaviour happens in intimate personal groups and relationships
4 the process includes learning ways to carry out this criminal behaviour as well as reasons as to why people commit these crimes and developing attitudes
5

Question 16

gender - what gender comimits more crime

Answer 16

males over females

Question 17

gender - what statistic of males by their 40th birthday have a conviction

Answer 17

1/3 men
1/10 women

Question 18

gender - what fraction of men are responsible for recorded offences

Answer 18

4/5

Question 19

gender - what crime are women most likely to be convicted for

Answer 19

property crimes

Question 20

gender - what type of criminal are males most likely to be

Answer 20

repeat offenders and have longer criminal careers and will commit more serious crimes

Question 21

gender- whereas women commit less crime than men , they commit …..

Answer 21

all types of criminal behaviours

Question 22

gender - what is gender socialisation

Answer 22

process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with ones sex

Question 23

gender - what did social psychologists explain through gender socialisation

Answer 23

that men and women behave in different ways as we learn different social roles

Question 24

gender - what does the sex role theory argue

Answer 24

that boys and girls are socialised differently , this results in boys becoming more delinquent

Question 25

gender - girls are more supervised and more strictly controlled whereas …

Answer 25

boys are encouraged to take risks and to be tough

Question 26

gender - what does social learning theory suggest and this means that

Answer 26

that we learn about gender socialisation through observation and we imitate our role models ad this means that boys will most likely imitate their fathers and girls with imitate their mothers behaviour

Question 27

gender - what effect does it have if a boy has less access to their same sex role model

Answer 27

they will tend to reject behaviour from their mother which is seen as feminine so they seek out male peer groups as in these groups they usually focus on toughness and aggressive aspects , this therefore leads to anti social and delinquent behaviour