criminal behaviours - individual differences

Question 1

cog- what is cognitive content

Answer 1

what people think

Question 2

cog- what is argued with those who display criminal behaviours suffer from

Answer 2

that they suffer from several cognitive distortions
patterns of thinking that do not reflect reality

Question 3

cog - what do these cognitive distortions allow criminals to do

Answer 3

deny or rationalise their behaviour

Question 4

cog - what do cognitive distortions include

Answer 4

errors in attribution (hostile attribution bias)
minimalization

Question 5

cog - what are errors in attribution

Answer 5

they are possible explanations that we give for our behaviour and the behaviour of others

Question 6

cog -what does errors in attribution include

Answer 6

internal (dispositional) attribution and external (situational) attributions

Question 7

cog - what is attribution and what researchers is the quote from

Answer 7

the process by which an individual attempts to construct casual explanations for his or her behaviour and the behaviour of others
gudjonsson and singh 1988

Question 8

cog - what is the definition for internal (dispositional) attribution

Answer 8

the behaviour is due to personality trait

Question 9

cog - what is the definition for external (situational) attribution

Answer 9

the behaviour is du to factors in the environment

Question 10

cog - what causes internal attribution and what does this lead to

Answer 10

something within the person we observe for example their personality
we make a dispositional attribution

Question 11

cog - what causes external attribution and what does it lead to

Answer 11

caused by something outside the person we observe for example their situation
leads us to make a situational attribution

Question 12

cog - what is hostile attribution bias

Answer 12

when someone is leaning towards always thinking the worst and the the tendency to interpret the behaviour of others as threatening and aggressive

Question 13

cog - what can negative interpretations lead to

Answer 13

more aggressive behaviour

Question 14

cog - what do people who exhibit hostile attribution bias think that

Answer 14

ambiguous behaviour of others is hostile and often directed towards them

Question 15

cog - people who make the hostile attribution bias often respond to other peoples behaviour in what way

Answer 15

a aggressive manner because they perceive it as a personal threat

Question 16

cog - if the person responds aggressively to behaviour from others how is their aggressive behaviour viewed

Answer 16

viewed as inappropriate because the other peoples behaviour was not intended to be aggressive

Question 17

cog - what is minimalisation

Answer 17

a cognitive distortion where consequences of a situation are under exaggerated

Question 18

cog - what is it proposed of that those who think minimalistically

Answer 18

that they engage in criminal behaviours

Question 19

cog - what does minimalisation explain

Answer 19

how an offender can reduce any negative interpretation of their behaviour either before or after the crime

Question 20

cog - what does underplaying the consequences of their actions with minimalisation lead to and whats a example of this

Answer 20

leads to the criminal being able to commit crime/ display criminal behaviour with minimal guilt and other negative emotions
a burglar may think that if they rob a wealthy family it will have a small impact on them , therefore the robber wont feel as bad for robbing them