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C8307 Social Psychology > Social psychological approaches to prejudice > Flashcards

Social psychological approaches to prejudice Flashcards

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1
Q

What is prejudice?

A

To prejudge someone or something.

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2
Q

Give three examples of prejudice.

A
  1. Racism.
  2. Sexism.
  3. Ageism.
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2
Q

What is prejudice in relation to psychology?

A

Thinking and acting less positively towards members of our outgroups compared with our ingroups.

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3
Q

What are three of common themes Milner found when exploring all the definitions of prejudice?

A
  1. It is an attitude.
  2. It is a preconception.
  3. It is rigid and resilient.
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4
Q

What two accounts of personality show relation to prejudice?

A

Authoritarian and social dominance theory.

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5
Q

What did Adorno et al. suggest about authoritarian personality?

A

They identified 9 dimensions of authoritarianism and developed a scale to understand the extent of these traits. This is known as the F scale.

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6
Q

What did Adorno say the dimensions were based on?

A

Freud’s psychodynamic theory.

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7
Q

List five of Adorno’s dimensions.

A
  1. Conventionalism.
  2. Authoritarian submission.
  3. Authoritarian aggression.
  4. Power.
  5. Destructiveness.
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8
Q

What is one limitation of Adorno’s dimensions?

A

Psychodynamic underpinnings of authoritarianism are difficult to establish empirically (not testifiable).

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9
Q

Who challenged Adorno’s theory?

A

Altemeyer.

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10
Q

What dimensions did Altemeyer show support for and what were these called?

A
  1. Conventionalism.
  2. Authoritarian submission.
  3. Authoritarian aggression.

Known as the right-wing authoritarianism scale (RWA-scale).

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11
Q

What did Alteneyer say the dimensions were based on?

A

The idea that you begin life submissive to your parents, then with time this changes. If you experience unfair treatment with outgroups or authority figures you lose these authoritarian beliefs

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11
Q

What would a high score in RWA suggest? (3)

A
  • Faulty reasoning.
  • Lack of insight into their failings.
  • Hostility towards outgroups.
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12
Q

Within social dominance theory, what sorts of people are more likely to be in topgroups?

A
  • Men.
  • Older people.
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12
Q

What is social dominance theory?

A

Social dominance theory is a theory of group conflict. Suggests society is structured into group-based social hierarchies. Groups at the top of the hierarchy have more social value than groups at the bottom of the hierarchy.

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13
Q

How is old fashioned racism defined?

A

It is an overt hatred and discrimination towards a minority group.

14
Q

What are four types of ‘new racism’?

A
  • Symbolic racism.
  • Ambivalent racism.
  • Aversive racism.
  • Subtle racism.
14
Q

Describe symbolic racism.

A

Rejection of minorities based on values and ideology, Based on race relations in the USA.

14
Q

Describe ambivalent racism.

A

Racial attitudes are multidimensional. Pro- and anti-minority attitudes exist side by side. Rooted in humanitarian and egalitarian values.

15
Q

Describe aversive racism.

A

Unintentional racism and is characterised by an ambivalent racial attitude. Aversive racists sympathise with victims of past injustice but unavoidably possess negative feelings towards minority groups.

16
Q

Describe subtle racism.

A

Defence of perceived threat to traditional values. Denial of positive emotions towards outgroups.

17
Q

How can stereotypes result in prejudice?

A

A triggering stimuli can result in a negative stereotype action which can lead to prejudice behaviour.

18
Q

What are two variables that determine whether stereotypical processing occurs?

A
  • Motivational goals to think of people in individual terms.
  • When people are cognitively busy.
18
Q

Describe low and high prejudice.

A
  • Low prejudice is through conscious processing and suppresses negative stereotypes.
  • High prejudice does not inhibit stereotypes because it is consistent with their beliefs about the group.
18
Q

Is stereotyping inevitable?

A

Traditional views suggest stereotyping is unconditionally automatic.

19
Q

What does self categorisation theory suggest about stereotyping?

A

That categorisation of people (into ingroups and outgroups) is the first step towards stereotyping.

20
Q

What are the levels of self categorisation theory?

A
  • Superordinate level.
  • Intermediate level.
  • Subordinate level.
21
Q

When is achieving positive in-group differentiation important in the social identity theory?

A

Achieving positive intergroup differentiation is important when social identity is threatened.

22
Q

Name one factor that affects how people respond to threats in the social identity theory.

A
  • Whether the ingroup has high or low status in the group conflict.

C8307 Social Psychology (8 decks)

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