Social Psych prep

Question 1

Stereotype -

Answer 1

set of characteristics presumed to be shared by all members of a social category

Question 2

Attribution theory -

Answer 2

theory that addresses the question of how people make judgments about the causes of behavior

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error -

Answer 3

tendency of people to overemphasize personal causes for other people’s behavior and to under emphasize personal causes for their own behavior

Question 4

Just-world hypothesis -

Answer 4

attribution error based on the assumption that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people

Question 5

Proximity -

Answer 5

how close two people live to each other

Question 6

Exchange -

Answer 6

concept that relationships are based on trading rewards among partners

Question 7

Equity -

Answer 7

fairness of exchange achieved when each partner in the relationship receives the same proportion of outcomes to investments

Question 8

Intimacy -

Answer 8

the quality of genuine closeness and trust achieved in communication with another person

Question 9

Attitude -

Answer 9

beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies directed toward something or someone-the attitude object

Question 10

Self-monitoring -

Answer 10

tendency for an individual to observe the situation for cues about how to react

Question 11

Prejudice -

Answer 11

an unfair, intolerant, or unfavorable attitude toward a group of people

Question 12

Discrimination -

Answer 12

an unfair act or series of acts taken toward an entire group of people or individual members of that group

Question 13

Frustration-aggression theory-

Answer 13

theory that under certain circumstances people who are frustrated in their goals turn their anger away from the proper, powerful target toward another, less powerful target it is safer to attack

Question 14

Authoritarian personality -

Answer 14

a personality pattern characterized by rigid conventionality, exaggerated respect for authority, and hostility toward those who defy society’s norms

Question 15

Cognitive dissonance -

Answer 15

perceived inconsistency between two cognitions

Question 16

Social influence -

Answer 16

process by which others individually or collectively affect one’s perceptions, attitudes, and actions.

Question 17

Cultural truism -

Answer 17

Belief that most members of a society accept as self-evidently true

Question 18

Norm -

Answer 18

A shared idea ore expectation about how to behave

Question 19

Cultural norm -

Answer 19

A behavioral rule shared by an entire society

Question 20

Conformity -

Answer 20

Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one’s own preferences

Question 21

Compliance -

Answer 21

Change of behavior in response to an explicit request from another person or group

Question 22

Obedience -

Answer 22

Change of behavior in response to a command from another person, typically an authority figure

Question 23

Deindividuation -

Answer 23

Loss of personal sense of responsibility in a group

Question 24

Altruistic behavior -

Answer 24

Helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain

Question 25

Bystander effect -

Answer 25

Tendency for an individual’s helpfulness in an emergency to decrease as the number of bystanders increases.

Question 26

Risky shift -

Answer 26

Greater willingness to take risks in decision making in a group than as independent individuals

Question 27

Polarization -

Answer 27

Shift in attitudes by members of a group toward more extreme positions than the ones held before group’s discussion

Question 28

Great person theory -

Answer 28

Theory that leadership is a result of personal qualities and traits that qualify one to lead others

Question 29

Industrial/organization psychology -

Answer 29

Division of psychology concerned with the application of psychological principles to the problems of human organizations, especially work organizations

Question 30

Hawthorne effect -

Answer 30

Principle that subjects will alter their behavior because of researcher’s attention and not necessarily because of any specific experimentation

Question 31

Solomon Asch

Answer 31

he did the study with lines and conformity

Question 32

kitty genovese

Answer 32

a person who was killed in public and 37 people saw it and no one called the cops. Bystander effect

Question 33

Stanley Milgrim

Answer 33

!971 prison experiment

Question 34

Jane Elliott

Answer 34

Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes Experiment discrimination

Question 35

Social Facilitation

Answer 35

The tendency to perform simple or well-practiced tasks better in the presence of others than alone.

Question 36

Social Loafing

Answer 36

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.