Social Psych prep Flashcards
Stereotype -
set of characteristics presumed to be shared by all members of a social category
Attribution theory -
theory that addresses the question of how people make judgments about the causes of behavior
Fundamental attribution error -
tendency of people to overemphasize personal causes for other people’s behavior and to under emphasize personal causes for their own behavior
Just-world hypothesis -
attribution error based on the assumption that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people
Proximity -
how close two people live to each other
Exchange -
concept that relationships are based on trading rewards among partners
Equity -
fairness of exchange achieved when each partner in the relationship receives the same proportion of outcomes to investments
Intimacy -
the quality of genuine closeness and trust achieved in communication with another person
Attitude -
beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies directed toward something or someone-the attitude object
Self-monitoring -
tendency for an individual to observe the situation for cues about how to react
Prejudice -
an unfair, intolerant, or unfavorable attitude toward a group of people
Discrimination -
an unfair act or series of acts taken toward an entire group of people or individual members of that group
Frustration-aggression theory-
theory that under certain circumstances people who are frustrated in their goals turn their anger away from the proper, powerful target toward another, less powerful target it is safer to attack
Authoritarian personality -
a personality pattern characterized by rigid conventionality, exaggerated respect for authority, and hostility toward those who defy society’s norms
Cognitive dissonance -
perceived inconsistency between two cognitions
Social influence -
process by which others individually or collectively affect one’s perceptions, attitudes, and actions.
Cultural truism -
Belief that most members of a society accept as self-evidently true
Norm -
A shared idea ore expectation about how to behave
Cultural norm -
A behavioral rule shared by an entire society
Conformity -
Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one’s own preferences
Compliance -
Change of behavior in response to an explicit request from another person or group
Obedience -
Change of behavior in response to a command from another person, typically an authority figure
Deindividuation -
Loss of personal sense of responsibility in a group
Altruistic behavior -
Helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain
Bystander effect -
Tendency for an individual’s helpfulness in an emergency to decrease as the number of bystanders increases.
Risky shift -
Greater willingness to take risks in decision making in a group than as independent individuals
Polarization -
Shift in attitudes by members of a group toward more extreme positions than the ones held before group’s discussion
Great person theory -
Theory that leadership is a result of personal qualities and traits that qualify one to lead others
Industrial/organization psychology -
Division of psychology concerned with the application of psychological principles to the problems of human organizations, especially work organizations
Hawthorne effect -
Principle that subjects will alter their behavior because of researcher’s attention and not necessarily because of any specific experimentation
Solomon Asch
he did the study with lines and conformity
kitty genovese
a person who was killed in public and 37 people saw it and no one called the cops. Bystander effect
Stanley Milgrim
!971 prison experiment
Jane Elliott
Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes Experiment discrimination
Social Facilitation
The tendency to perform simple or well-practiced tasks better in the presence of others than alone.
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
