Social Psych Exam 3 Flashcards
What is deindividuation? Be able to explain it with an example.
A psychological phenomenon where individuals lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility when part of a large group.
For example, a normally calm person might engage in boisterous, even disruptive behavior at a crowded concert where they feel less identifiable as an individual.
How physical anonymity will influence deindividuation? Be able to understand several examples of that physical anonymity would influence deindividuation.
Significantly influences deindividuation by reducing a person’s sense of individual identity and accountability.
Examples: masks, matching uniforms
How arousing and distracting activity would influence deindividuation?
Can significantly increase the likelihood of deindividuation by causing a loss of self-awareness and reduced internal restraints
What is the consequence of the decrease in self-awareness? How this will be related to deindividuation?
Reduced personal responsibility and an increased focus on the collective identity rather than individual beliefs.
How to incorporate the concept of self-awareness into our society to decrease deindividuation?
Help people be (and remain) self-aware. If you are going somewhere with a large group of people, for example, you might take a moment and think through what your morals and values are.
What is group polarization?
Where a group’s collective decision or opinion tends to be more extreme than the initial opinions of individual members within that group,
What is prejudice?
An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed without knowledge, thought, or reason. It’s an irrational attitude that can be directed against an individual, group, or race.
What is stereotype?
A generalized belief or expectation about a group of people that’s often oversimplified, inaccurate, and resistant to new information
Discrimination, Racism, and Sexism
Discrimination: The act of treating people unfairly or prejudicially based on their perceived or actual membership in a group or category.
Racism: When a person is treated worse, excluded, disadvantaged, harassed, bullied, humiliated or degraded because of their race or ethnicity.
Sexism: Prejudice or discrimination based on a person’s sex or gender.
How dual attitude system works in prejudice?
People can simultaneously hold both a conscious, explicit attitude towards a group that appears positive and an unconscious, implicit attitude that may be negative.
How racial prejudice affects labor market discrimination?
Racial prejudice directly impacts labor market discrimination by influencing employers’ hiring decisions.
What is automatic prejudice? Be able to explain this with your own example.
Refers to unconscious, unintentional biases or negative feelings towards a particular group of people, often stemming from societal stereotypes, that occur without conscious awareness or control, even when someone might not consciously hold those beliefs.
What is gender stereotype?
A generalized belief about the characteristics, attributes, or roles that men and women should have or perform.
What is benevolent sexism and hostile sexism? Be able to explain this with your own example.
Benevolent sexism refers to seemingly positive attitudes towards women that reinforce traditional gender roles and can be harmful by implying women are weak or need protection.
Hostile sexism is overtly negative and expresses dislike or contempt for women who challenge traditional gender norms.
How social inequality breeds prejudice?
Creating a system where certain groups are consistently positioned as “less than” others, leading to the development of negative stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes towards those groups
What is social dominance orientation? How will this induce prejudice?
Making individuals more likely to hold negative views towards lower-status groups and rationalize their discrimination against them based on their perceived social hierarchy.
What is socialization and ethnocentricity?
Socialization: The developmental processes through which individuals acquire the values, behaviors, and motivations necessary to become competent members of a culture
Ethnocentrisism: The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others, and that the values and practices of one’s own culture are the best or most correct.
How does conformity work for prejudice?
The fear of isolation, coupled with conformity guiding group members to follow the perceived group norm, lead to an increased acceptance of prejudice by time.
What is the scapegoat theory?
Where individuals or groups unfairly blame a specific person or group for their problems, essentially transferring their own negative emotions and frustrations onto a targeted “scapegoat” to relieve their own stress, often without considering the scapegoat’s actual guilt or responsibility
What is displaced aggression and realistic group conflict theory?
Displaced aggression: When someone directs their anger or frustration towards a person or object that is not the actual source of their irritation.
Realistic group conflict theory: States that conflict arises between groups when they are competing for limited resources, leading to negative stereotypes and discrimination between those groups.
What is social identity theory and ingroup bias?
A psychological concept explaining how people derive part of their self-esteem from the groups they belong to, leading to a tendency to favor their own group (“ingroup”) over other groups (“outgroups”), which is called ingroup bias.
What is categorization?
The cognitive process of mentally grouping objects, events, people, or experiences into different classes based on shared characteristics
What is outgroup homogeneity effect and own-race bias?
A cognitive bias where people tend to perceive members of a group they don’t belong to (outgroup) as more similar to each other than members of their own group (ingroup)
“own-race bias” specifically refers to the tendency to be better at recognizing faces from one’s own racial group compared to other races
What is vivid case?
Judging the frequency of events by instances that readily come to mind.
