social psych exam Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE PERSUASION

A

Changing beliefs, attitudes, or behaviour of a target through information or an argument

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THE COMMUNICATION-PERSUASION PARADIGM

A
  1. The Source
  2. The Message
  3. The Target
  4. The Response
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3
Q

WHAT IS CREDIBILITY LINKED TO AND WHAT IS THE HIERARCHY OF CREDIBILITY RANKS

A

-Credibility is linked to expertise, likability, attractiveness, and trust
-The hierarchy of credibility ranks from: scientists, politicians, activists, and celebrities
***a combination of hierarchy and credibility can = high persuasion. e.g.) hot, nice scientist

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4
Q

HOW DOES THE MESSAGE AFFECT PERSUASION IN THE COMMUNICATION-PERSUASION PARADIGM

A

-The message can be based on emotion or fact
-discrepancy (difference between current belief and what you’re being persuaded to do); high credibility = high discrepancy

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5
Q

WHAT THE 3 FACTORS INFLUENCE WHETHER THE TARGET IS PERSUADED IN THE COMMUNICATION-PERSUASION PARADIGM

A

-involvement (caring)
-intelligence
-focus/distraction

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6
Q

HOW DOES THE CENTRAL ROUTE RELATE TO PERSUASION

A

-think systematically
-focus on argument and respond based on strength or weakness of such

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7
Q

HOW DOES THE PERIPHERAL ROUTE LEAD TO PERSUASION

A

-implicit
-influenced by incidental cues ex) attractiveness

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8
Q

WHAT IS COMPLIANCE THROUFH PROMISE AND THREAT

A

-promise: lure of a reward
-threat: punishment

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9
Q

HOW DOES MAGNITUDE AND CREDIBILITY AFFECT COMPLIANCE

A

-the magnitude of how much something matters
-how credible someone is

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10
Q

WHAT MUST PEOPLE ACCEPT TO OBEY

A

accept that people have authority and respect it

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11
Q

HOW MANY PEOPLE CONTINUED TO THE END OF MILGRAMS SHOCK/OBEDIENCE EXPERIMENT

A

65%, no one stopped before 300 volts

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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF RESISTANCE

A

-Inoculation: target of message exposed to counterarguments
-Forewarning: warning target prior to persuasion
-Reactance/Boomerang effect: persuasion goes too far and creates defiance

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OBEDIENCE

A

-Explicit sign of authority
-Backing up threats of punishment
-in the chain of command

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE SLEEPER EFFECT

A

Delayed impact of the message that often causes you to forget the reason for initially discounting it

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE PRIMACY EFFECT

A

information presented first has most influence

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16
Q

WHAT IS RECENCY EFFECT

A

information presented last has most influence (but less common than primacy effect)

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17
Q

DEFINE CONFORMITY

A

circumstances we act/think differently than if we were alone

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF CONFORMITY

A

Compliance, obedience, acceptance

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19
Q

DEFINE THE NORMATIVE AND INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCES OF CONFORMITY

A

Normative: desire to fulfill others’ expectations
Informational: accepting evidence about reality from other people (when we don’t know something)

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE AUTOKINETIC PHENOMENON

A

Sherif conducted the experiment to see if it was possible to observe social norm in lab settings.
Participants all perceived the light to have moved when it didn’t, but their answers converged to one singular average distance

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21
Q

WHO DEVELOPED ANOMIE THEORY AND WHAT IS IT

A

-Merton developed it
-people are guided by culturally appropriate goals and means, so there is a strain when it is not attained

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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 MODES OF ADAPTION ACCORDING TO MERTON

A

Conformity: accept goals and means
Innovation: accept goals and reject means
Ritualism: reject goals and accept means
Retreatism: reject goals and reject means
Rebellion: reject goals and means and replace them

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23
Q

WHAT IS CONTROL THEORY

A

idea that social control keeps us in line through the strength of social ties

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24
Q

WHAT IS SOCIAL BONDS THEORY AND WHO DEVELOPED IT

A

-Hirschi developed
-Social bonds impact the likelihood to be deviant

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25
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL BONDS THEORY (ACIB)

A

-Attachment
-commitment
-involvement
-belief

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26
Q

WHAT IS DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY AND WHO DEVELOPED IT

A

-Sutherland developed it
-learning criminal behaviour from primary groups and classical conditioning

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27
Q

WHAT IS DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION THEORY AND WHO DEVELOPED IT

A

-GLASER
-Can learn from non-significant others which influence criminal behaviour
-ex) media- slenderman influencing girls to stab friend

28
Q

WHAT IS LABELLING THEORY AND WHO DEVELOPED IT

A

-Becker
-reactions to deviance and emphasizing rule breaking
-nothing is inherently deviant until we label/perceive it as such

29
Q

WHAT IS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEVIANCE

A

-Primary deviance: the initial act
-secondary deviance: the internalization of a deviant identity (causes label)

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES OF NEUTRALIZATION AND WHAT HAPPENS IF THEY FAIL

A

-Denial of responsibility
-Denial of injury
-Denial of victim
-Condemning the condemners
-appeal to loyalty

-if they fail we go back to secondary deviance and internalized

31
Q

WHAT IS INFORMAL LABELLING

A

-informal rules that are not documented and have control (friend code)

32
Q

WHAT IS FORMAL LABELLING

A

-documented labels placed by an institution which leads to formal social control

33
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL

A

-Striping of previous identity
-Master identity that overpowers all other ones ex) criminal, felon

34
Q

WHAT ARE THE SOCIETAL BENEFITS FOR FORMAL LABELLING

A

-pov what not to do
-scapegoat to relieve tension
-community and solidarity

35
Q

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM CHILD ISSUE WITH FORMAL LABELLING

A

children diagnosed with problems with the label impacting their lives negatively

36
Q

PROS AND CONS OF FORMAL LABELLING

A

pro: getting help
con: master status, all or nothing, self-fulfilling prophecy, stigma, over medication, the right diagnosis

37
Q

WHAT IS A PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUP

A

PRIMARY GROUP: HAS STRONG CONNECTIONS, SMALL, AND LONG LASTING
SECONDARY GROUPS: FOMRAL AND IMPERSONAL

38
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG GROUP COHESION

A

HIGH COMMITMENT
HIGH LOYALTY
NOT INDIVIDUALISTIC
GOOD VIBES

39
Q

WHAT ARE GROUP NORMS

A

THE WAY MEMBERS ARE EXPECTED TO ACT

40
Q

WHEN DOES GROUP CONFORMITY HAPPEN

A

MAJORITY IS SIGNIFICANT
MEMBERS WANT TO BELONG

41
Q

WHAT IS GROUP POLARIZATION

A

TENDANCY TO SHIFT TOWARDS THE EXTREMES OF A DISCUSSION

42
Q

WHAT IS EVALUATION APPREHENSION

A

CONCERN FOR HOW OTHERS EVALUATE US

43
Q

SOCIAL FACILLITATION

A

DO BETTER IN PRESENCE OF OTHERS WHEN EASY, DO WORSE WHEN HARD

44
Q

SOCIAL LOAFING

A

LESS EFFORT IN GROUPS

45
Q

DEINDIVIDUATION

A

LOSS OF SELF IN LARGE GROUPS

46
Q

3 FACTORS OF DEINDIVIDUATION (GPD)

A

GROUP SIZE
PHYSICAL ANONYMINITY
DISTRACTION

47
Q

GROUPTHINK (IRVING JANIS)

A

STRIVE FOR GROUP CONSENSUS CAUSES FAILURE TO THINK CRITICALLY

48
Q

SYMPTOMS OF GROUPTHINK (IUSD)

A

ILLUSIONS OF INVULNERABILITY
UNQUESTIONED BELIEFS
SELF-CENSORSHIP
DIRECT PRESSURE

49
Q

CAUSES OF GROUP THINK

A

-STRESS
-SIMILARITY
-ISOLATION
-COHESION

50
Q

WHAT IS PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

A

ACTIONS THAT ARE BENEFICIAL TO OTHERS AND HAVE POSITIVE OUTCOMES

51
Q

WHAT IS ALTRUISM

A

WELL-BEING OF OTHERS IS EQUAL OR GREATER THAN OWN

52
Q

WHAT IS EGOISM

A

MOTIVATION TO INCREASE OWN WELLNESS (OPPOSITE OF ALTRUISM)

53
Q

WHAT IS THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

A

GENETIC TRAIT IMPORTANT FOR SURVIVAL AND THUS PASSED ON

54
Q

WHAT IS THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY NORM

A

WE MUST HELP THOSE THAT DEPEND ON US

55
Q

WHAT IS THE NORM OF RECIPROCITY

A

WE MUST HELPL THOSE WHO HAVE HELPED US

56
Q

WHAT IS THE SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

A

COMBINING PSYCH, SOCIOLOGY, AND ECONOMICS TO UNDERSTAND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS (COST-BENEFIT)

57
Q

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BYSTANDER INTERVENTION

A

SEE THE SITUAITON
AN EMERGENCY
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILIT
DECISION
SMALL # OF BYSTANDERS
SIMILARITY

58
Q

WHAT IS INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION

A

INJURE IN PURSUIT OF ANOTHER GOAL

59
Q

WHAT IS HOSTILE AGGRESSION

A

AIMS TO INJURE

60
Q

WHAT ARE SOCIAL SCRIPTS

A

CULTURALLY PROVIDED MENTAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOW TO ACT IN SITUATIONS

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: INSTINCTUAL AGGRESSION ESSENTIAL TO SPECIES SURVIVAL

A

TRUE

62
Q

WHAT IS TJE FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION HYPOTHESIS

A

EVERY FRUSTRATION LEADS TO AGGRESSION
EVER AGGRESSIVE ACT IS FROM FRUSTRATION

63
Q

WHAT IS AVERSE EMOTIONAL AROUSAL

A

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS AROUSED AND THEN REGUCED

64
Q

TARGETS OF AGGRESSION

A

GENDER
RACE
INTENT
RETALIATION

65
Q
A