Social Psych

Question 1

_______ are unspoken rules we are expected to follow

Answer 1

Social norms

Question 2

Three tenets of social influence

Answer 2

Confirmatory, compliance, obedience

Question 3

_____ is the taking back of a negative slur, self labeling as a means of taking it back and making it appear less negative

Answer 3

Re Appropriation

Question 4

______ is how people generally behave

Answer 4

Descriptive norms

Question 5

______ refers to the fact that we confirm to norms only when they are personally relevant

Answer 5

Normative focus theory

Question 6

Fitzimmons and bargh (2003) had participants think about either a friend or coworker to see what

Answer 6

That we conform our behavior to the roles we fill

Question 7

Why did behavior change in zimbardo prison experiment

Answer 7

Learned social roles (prisoner vs guard), social situations and priming, social contagion (mimicry), presence of authority of lack

Question 8

The ______ refers to the fact that conformity is often unconscious, we mimic other behavior particularly if we like them or are rewarded

Answer 8

Chameleon effect

Question 9

Familiar situations where a correct behavior is known, larger groups (8), and cohesive groups _________ conformity

Answer 9

Increase

Question 10

_______ helps understand why we are motivated to conform

The desire to be liked and strive to meet others expectations

Answer 10

Normative social influence

Question 11

_____ is the belief that social influence plays a smaller role in shaping our own behavior than that of others

Answer 11

Introspection illusion

Question 12

_______ the extent to which an individual’s self concept consists of many different aspects

Answer 12

Self complexity

Question 13

A coherent life story that connects ones past present possible future

Answer 13

Self narrative

Question 14

________ people induced to say something or do something against their beliefs may change their beliefs to reduce dissonance if there is insufficient external justification for their behavior

Answer 14

Induced compliance paradigm

Question 15

________ belief whereby once we make a public agreement, we tend to stick to it even if circumstances change

Answer 15

Norm for social commitment

Question 16

_______ occurs when after agreeing to an offer, people find it hard to break that commitment even if they later learn of some extra cost to the deal

Answer 16

Lowballing

Question 17

______ theory proposing that the motivation to maintain consistency among ones thoughts colors how people form new attitudes and can also drive them to change existing attitudes

Answer 17

Balance theory (288)

Question 18

__________when recently encountered info primarily influences attitudes (a commercial viewed just before shopping)

Answer 18

Recency effect

Question 19

_____________ when initially encountered info primarily influences attitudes (no delay between two messages, the first message is stronger)

Answer 19

Primacy effect

Question 20

What are the ways to reduce dissonance

Answer 20

Change one of the cognitions, add another cognition that makes the other two seem less inconsistent with each other, trivialize the cognition that are inconsistent

Question 21

Factors that affect the magnitude of dissonance

Answer 21

Weak external justification

Choice

Commitment

Foreseeable adverse side effects

Question 22

_________ when what you choose seems the better alternative, avoid info that discounts that choice

Answer 22

Spreading the alternatives

Question 23

__________ refers to lowering dissonance by convincing oneself that they suffered for something valuable

Answer 23

Effort justification

Question 24

________ the idea that any time people make a choice between two alternatives, there is likely to be some dissonance

Answer 24

Free choice paradigm

Question 25

__________ the idea that we conform to norms only when they are personally relevant

Answer 25

Normative focus theory

Question 26

_______norms are how people ought to behave

Answer 26

Injunctive norms

Question 27

_______ a tendency to conform to what we believe respected others think and do

Answer 27

Social proof

Question 28

Variables that influence obedience

Answer 28

• psychological distance from the authority (reduce)
• psychological closeness to the victim(reduce)
• witnessing defiance (reduce)
• not personally causing the harm

Question 29

__________ a style of processing a persuasive message by a person who has both the ability and motivation to think carefully about the messages argument

Answer 29

Central route to persuasion

Question 30

___________ aspects of the communication that are irrelevant to the true merits of the person or position advocated in the message (attractiveness of speaker)

Answer 30

Peripheral cues

Question 31

________ phenomenon whereby people can remember a message but forget where it came from, source credibility diminished

Answer 31

Sleeper effect

Question 32

_________ occurs when people’s attitude is influenced not only by what they think about the message but also by their confidence in those thoughts and beliefs

Answer 32

Cognitive response approach to persuasion

Question 33

Which has a stronger influence, statistical trends or vivid instances?

Answer 33

Vivid instances

Question 34

Removal of responsibility, visible signs of status or power (uniforms), gradual escalation of orders are examples of

Answer 34

Why people behave

Question 35

Cults use __________ to reduce self awareness and loss of self identity results in adoption of group identity

Answer 35

Deindividuation

Question 36

_________ increases Deindividuation

Answer 36

Anonymity

Question 37

Zimbardos study on anonymity (1969)

Answer 37

Participants were asked to recommend the level of shock to be delivered to study participants, participants who wore hoods recommended twice as much shock

Question 38

Wiltermuth (2012) found that

Answer 38

Synchronization increases aggression

Question 39

How to reduce blind obedience

Answer 39

Reminders of responsibility
Education that total obedience is inappropriate
Question expertise and motives of authority figures
Know about the influence of authority figures

Question 40

__________ people need to see themselves as having integrity and worth
People respond less defensively to threats to one aspect of themselves when they thing of another valued aspect

Answer 40

Self affirmation theory by Steele