social psych Flashcards
social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, relate, and influence others
mere-exposure effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
in-group bias
the tendency to favor our own group
groupthink
the mode of thinking when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition
deindividuation
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
social facilitation
improved performance on simple well learned tasks in the presence of others
diffusion of responsibility
phenomenon where someone is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other people are present
self-fullfiling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
door-in-the-face phenomenon
the tendency for someone to agree to a request if previously asked a larger request
just-world hypothesis
the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
group polarization
the enhancement of a groups’ prevailing inclinations through discussion in the group