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AP Psych > Final Exam MC Questions > Flashcards

Final Exam MC Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

an individual’s charecteristic of thinking, feeling, or acting

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2
Q

defense mechanisms

A

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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3
Q

displacement

A

defense mechanism where someone shifts impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object/person

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4
Q

projection

A

defense mechanism where one hides their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

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5
Q

reaction formation

A

defense mechanism where one switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

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6
Q

regression

A

defense mechanism where one retreats to a younger psychosexual stage

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7
Q

self-efficacy

A

one’s sense of competence and effectiveness

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8
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

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9
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude; Carl Rogers used to help patients with self-awareness and self-acceptance

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10
Q

what do projective tests examine

A

one’s inner dynamics

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11
Q

collective unconcious

A

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

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12
Q

ego

A

largely conscious part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality; operates on the reality principle

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13
Q

maslow: self actualization

A

the fulfillment of one’s talents and potentials; highest tier in the hierarchy

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14
Q

big 5 traits

A

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion

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15
Q

intelligence

A

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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16
Q

fluid intelligence

A

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

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17
Q

Howard Gardener’s multiple intelligences

A

linguistic, logical-mathmatical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and natralistic

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18
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

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19
Q

test reliability

A

the extent to which a test yields consistent results

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20
Q

test standardization

A

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the pretested group

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21
Q

g

A

a general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

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22
Q

stereotype threat and the impact

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype, harms people’s mental capabilities, saps peoples’ working memory capacity

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23
Q

triarchic theory

A

Sternberg’s theory of three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical

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24
Q

Binet’s purpose of tests

A

he wanted to find which students needed special attention, he did not want the test to become a measure of intelligence

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25
Q

savant syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

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26
Q

disorders

A

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

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27
Q

anxiety (various types)

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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28
Q

PTSD

A

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, jumpy anxiety and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks after a traumatic event

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29
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

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30
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and /or diminished/inappropriate emotional expression

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31
Q

anti-social PD

A

a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing

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32
Q

agroraphobia

A

fear or avoidance of situations where one has felt lose of control/panic

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33
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

a type of dissociative disorder where one cannot recall important personal information that would not be forgotten typically

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34
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

a disorder in which someone interprets normal physical symptoms as symptoms of a disease

35
Q

OCD

A

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions

36
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

37
Q

what makes behaviors abnormal or a disorder

A

when it interferes with your day-to-day life

38
Q

conversion disorder/somatic symptoms

A

a disorder in which a person experiences very specific physical symptoms for which no physiological bias can be found

39
Q

depression

A

a mood disorder in which someone experiences five or more symptoms at least one of which must be depressed mood or lose of interest/pleasure, for at least two weeks

40
Q

biological approach

A

believe that disorders have an organic or physical cause

41
Q

cognitive approach

A

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking

42
Q

humanistic approach

A

centers around your experience and perspective, therapists have unconditional positive regard

43
Q

group therapy

A

therapy with groups rather than individuals

44
Q

what light is used for

A

helps improve mood and energy for people with SAD

45
Q

behavioral approach

A

applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted emotions: counterconditioning, exposure, therapy, and systematic desensitizations

46
Q

psychoanalytic ideas/components

A

believe psychological problems are routed in the unconscious

47
Q

sociocultural approach

A

looks at you, your behaviors, your symptoms in context of your culture and background

48
Q

client-centered therapy

A

type of therapy where the therapist has an accepting, genuine, and empathetic environment

49
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

50
Q

ECT

A

a biochemical therapy for severely depressed patients in which an electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

51
Q

CBT

A

integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy

52
Q

what antipsychotics are used for

A

to treat schizophrenia and other thought disorders

53
Q

REBT

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

54
Q

what lithium treats

A

bipolar disorder

55
Q

transference

A

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

56
Q

how SSRIs work (names of these-most commonly known)

A

block the absorption and removal of serotonin from synapses (Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil)

57
Q

companionate love

A

the deep affectional attraction we feel for those whom our lives are intertwined with

58
Q

role

A

a set of expectations about a serial position, defining how those in the position should behave

59
Q

factors in attraction

A

physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, and reciprocity

60
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

61
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues

62
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

63
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from someone’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

64
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions’ about reality

65
Q

self-serving bias

A

a readiness to perceive oneself positively

66
Q

confirmation bias

A

a tendency to look for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

67
Q

cognitive dissonace

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

68
Q

conformity

A

adjusting out behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

69
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how we think about, relate, and influence others

70
Q

mere-exposure effect

A

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

71
Q

in-group bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group

72
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

73
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

74
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition

75
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

76
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple well learned tasks in the presence of others

77
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

phenomenon where someone is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other people are present

78
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

79
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

80
Q

door-in-the-face phenomenon

A

the tendency for someone to agree to a request if previously asked a larger request

81
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

82
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

83
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups’ prevailing inclinations through discussion in the group

84
Q

bystander effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

AP Psych (3 decks)

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