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Psychology 115 Test 4 > Social Psy. Supplemental Notes > Flashcards

Social Psy. Supplemental Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Social context

A

People, the activities and interactions among ppl, the setting and expectations, and social norms

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2
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental process as a result of the effects of social variables and cognition

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3
Q

How many social roles

A

3

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4
Q

Social Roles

A

Socially defined pattern of behavior expected in a given setting or group

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5
Q

Ascribed Roles

A

Not under one’s control

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6
Q

Achieved roles

A

Obtained voluntarily

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7
Q

Role Conflict experiment

A

Zimbardo Prison Experiment

Stanford, early 70s, stimulated prison, prisoners vs. guards

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8
Q

Group Structure and Cohesion

A

In vs. out

Us vs. them

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9
Q

Norms

A

Standards of conduct for appropriate behavior

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10
Q

Social Cognition

A

Thinking

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11
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Making inferences about causes for others

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12
Q

External vs. Internal causes

A

Outside of the person vs. within(personality)

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13
Q

Making Attributions

A

Looking at consistency(internal), distinctiveness(external), and situational demands

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14
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Not always correct about others behaviors when we make inferences

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15
Q

Attitude

A

Emotionalized predisposition to respond

Belief+Emotion+Action

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16
Q

Belief

A

Thought

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17
Q

Emotion

A

Feeling

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18
Q

Action

A

Behavior, behavior potential

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19
Q

Attitude Formation

A

Not born with it, but it is developed

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20
Q

Ways Attitude is Learned

A 
Direct contact
Interaction with OThers 
Group Membership
Child Rearing
Media
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21
Q

Attitude change is determined by

A

Who says what to whom

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22
Q

Keys to Persuasion

A

Communicator=credible
Message= mood, structure, order
Audience= demographics, interests

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23
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

Inconsistency between our attitudes or between attitudes and behavior;
Grasshopper study by Zimbardo

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24
Q

Justification

A

Festinger and Carlsmith Study

The more justification, the less attitude and vice verse

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25
Q

Reducing Cognitive Dissonance

A 
Change attitude
Add consonant thoughts
Change the importance of dissonant thoughts
Reduce amount of perceived choice
Change behavior
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26
Q

Personal Space

A

Proxemics

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27
Q

Spatial Norms N.A.

How many

A

4

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28
Q

Intimate

A

0-1.5 ft.

Immediate personal space for special ppl

29
Q

Personal

A

1.5-4 ft.

Friends

30
Q

Social

A

4-12 ft.

Impersonal interaction, business associates

31
Q

Public

A

12+

Formal interactions, speeches, meetings

32
Q

Conformity

A

Part of social influence; changes in behavior in an effort to be accepted by a group

33
Q

The Asch Experiment

A

Solomon Asch
Match a standard line
1/3 trials=conformed
75% conformed at least once

34
Q

How many Group Factors

A

4

35
Q

Group Sanctions

A

Reward for punishments

36
Q

Group Importance

A

More important= more conformity

37
Q

Size of Majority/Unanimity

A

If one additinal person agrees, less confomity

More unanimous more conformity

38
Q

Implications

A

Indicates the power of the group

39
Q

Compliance

A

A person with little or no authority makes a direct request of another

40
Q

Foot in the Door Effect

A

Get first commitment and then move on to larger commitment

41
Q

Door in the Face Effect

A

People refusing larger request are more likely to go along with smaller request

42
Q

Lowball technique

A

Getting person committed to act and then making the terms of acting less desirable

43
Q

Obedience

A

Conforming to the demands of an authority figure

44
Q

Research experiment about obedience

A

Stanley Milgram; yale

45
Q

Stanley milgrams experiment

A

Teacher and learner; teacher gives shocks to learner when they give a wrong answer even though the voltage is high; most went to 450 volts, and many protested but still shocked ppl

46
Q

Affiliation

A

The desire to associate with others

47
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A

People tend to compare their own actions to others to have self enhancement

48
Q

Downward Comparison

A

Comparing yourself with a person that is lower than you

49
Q

Upward Comparison

A

Contrast with a person who ranks higher than you

50
Q

Interpersonal Attraction

A

Affinity for another person

51
Q

Depends on how many factors

A

8

52
Q

Physical Proximity

A

Nearness physical closeness

53
Q

Frequency of contact

A

The more you see someone the more you like them

54
Q

Physical attractiveness

A

Physical beauty

55
Q

Halo Effect

A

Generalize a favorable impression to unrelated personal characteristics

56
Q

Competence

A

Degree of ability or proficiency, but we also like “human”

57
Q

Similarity

A

The extent to which people are alike

58
Q

Homogamy

A

Tendency to marry someone who is like us in almost every way

59
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Process of revealing yourself to others

60
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative attitude towards a group

61
Q

Discrimination

A

Legal term; mistreating a person based on their group

62
Q

Scapegoating

A

Holding a person accountable for something not in their control

63
Q

Prejudice experiments

A

Brown vs. Blue eyes
Equal Status Contact; summer camp
Superordinate goals; goals overriding lesser goals
Jigsaw Classroom; superordinate goal in the classroom

64
Q

Causes of Agression

A

Thanatos; death instinct
Instincts; readiness to fight
Biology; influence of the brain like hormones
Frustration; being block from a goal

65
Q

Aggression cues

A

Social learning; learning aggression by watching others
Tv violence; how it goes unpunished
Disinhibition; more violence less inhibition
Desensitization; more exposure=less sensitivity

66
Q

Pro social Behavior

A

Helping ppl

67
Q

Bystander Apathy

A

Unwillingness to help vs. intervention

More potential helpers less likelihood of being helped

68
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Spreading responsibility reduces group helping

69
Q

Communication Types

A

Assertive; getting message across without intention of harm
Aggressive; getting message across with intention of harm
Non-assertive; doing nothing

Psychology 115 Test 4 (3 decks)

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