Social Process Theory

Question 1

Social Process Theory

Answer 1

Theories suggesting that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others and that socialization and learning processes occur as the result group membership and relationships.

Question 2

Social Process Theories

Answer 2

1) Social Learning theories
2) Labeling Theory
3) Social Control Theories

Question 3

Social Learning Theories

Answer 3

A perspective that places primary emphasis upon the role of communication and socialization in the acquisition of learned patterns of criminal behavior and the values that support that behavior.

Question 4

Differential Association Theory

Answer 4

Suggest that all significant human behavior is learned and that crime, therefore, is not substantively different from any other form of behavior.

Question 5

Social Learning Theory

Answer 5

Criminal behavior can not only be learned in social interactions with other humans who reinforce or discriminate against certain behaviors, but it can also be learned in a non-social context where the environment either reinforces or discriminates against behaviors.

Question 6

Social Learning Theory has four components

Answer 6

1) Differential Association
2) Definitions
3) Imitations
4) Differential Reinforcements

Question 7

Differential Association

Answer 7

The relationship humans have with others

Question 8

Defenitions

Answer 8

Favorable or unfavorable to the violation of the law

Question 9

Imitation

Answer 9

Occurs when a person observes another and decides to mimic the behavior

Question 10

Differential Reinforcement

Answer 10

The perceived or actual consequences of a behavior.

Question 11

Social Control Theories

Answer 11

• Ask why people obey rules instead of breaking them

* Predict that when social constraints on antisocial behavior are weakened or absent, delinquent behavior emerges.

Question 12

Reckless Containment Theory

Answer 12

A form of control theory that suggest that a series of both internal and external factors contribute to law abiding behavior

Question 13

Containment

Answer 13

The stabilizing force that, if effective, blocks pushes and pulls from leading an individual towards crime.

Question 14

External Containment

Answer 14

the holding power of the group

Question 15

Internal Containment

Answer 15

the ability of the person to follow the expected norms, to direct himself.

Question 16

Reckless Containment Theory

Answer 16

*A focus on socially approved goals help keep people on the straight and narrow path

Question 17

Pushes Towards Crime

Answer 17

Factors in an individuals background that might propel him or her into criminal behavior

Question 18

Pull Toward Crime

Answer 18

Signifies all the perceived rewards crime may offer

*Financial gain, sexual satisfaction, and higher status

Question 19

Delinquency and Self Esteem

Answer 19

Howard Kaplan- Proposed that people who are ridiculed by their peers suffer a loss of self-esteem, assess themselves poorly, and abandon the motivation to conform.

Question 20

Social Bond Theory

Answer 20

Argued that through successful socialization, a bond forms between individuals and the social group.

Question 21

4 Components of Social Bond

Answer 21

1) Attachment
2) Commitment
3) Involvement
4) Belief

Question 22

General Theory of Crime

Answer 22

A Theory that attempts to explain all forms of criminal conduct through a single, overarching approach and holds that low self-esteem accounts for all crimes at all times.

Question 23

General Theory of Crime is based on the belief that

Answer 23

Crime is a natural consequence of unrestrained human tendencies to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

*Also defines self-control as the degree to which a person is vulnerable to temptations of the moment.

Question 24

Self control is fostered through parental emotional investment in the child, which includes:

Answer 24

1) Recognizing deviance when it occurs
2) Punishing the child for the deviance appropriately
3) Consistency in the recognition and punishment

Question 25

Control Balance Theory

Answer 25

A blend of social bond and containment perspectives

Question 26

Control Ration

Answer 26

Is the amount of control to which a person is subjective versus the amount of control that person exerts over others.

Question 27

Control Ratio is said to predict

Answer 27

not only the probability that one will engage in deviance but also the specific form that deviance will take.

Question 28

Labeling Theory

Answer 28

Society’s response o known or suspect offenders determines the individual future incidences of criminality by reducing the behavioral options available to labeling offenders.

Question 29

Tagging

Answer 29

What happens to offenders following arrest, conviction, and sentencing.

Question 30

Primary Deviance

Answer 30

An offenders initial acts of deviance

Question 31

Secondary Deviance

Answer 31

The offenders continued acts of deviance

Question 32

Moral Enterprise

Answer 32

The efforts made by an interest group to have its sense of moral ethical propriety enacted into law.

Question 33

Moral Entrepreneurs

Answer 33

Individuals or groups engaged in the process of moral enterprise

Question 34

Typology of Labeling

Answer 34

• Pure Deviant (appropriately punished)
• The Secret Deviant (not punished)
• Falsely Accused Deviant (inappropriately punished)

Question 35

Social Process Theories

Answer 35

Suggest that crime prevention programs should work to enhance self control and to build pro-social bonds.

Question 36

Prosocial Bonds

Answer 36

Bonds between the individual and the social group that strengthen the likelihood of conformity.

Question 37

Pro-social Bonds are characterized by

Answer 37

attachments to conventional social institutions, values, and beliefs

Question 38

Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP)

Answer 38

A program that places at-risk youth in one on one relationship with favorable adult role models

Question 39

Preparing for the Drug-Free Years (PDFY)

Answer 39

A program designed to increase effective parenting for their children in grades 4-8 in an effort to reduce drug abuse and behavioral problems

Question 40

Montreal Prevention Treatment Program

Answer 40

A program designed to address early childhood risk factors for gang involvement by targeting boys in kindergarten who exhibit disruptive behavior.