Social Development

Question 1

Human Development

Answer 1

The relationship between the maturing individual and his or her changing environment, as well as the social process that the relationship entails.

Question 2

The Social Development Perspective

Answer 2

An integrated view of human development that examines multiple levels of maturity simultaneously, including the psychological, biological, and familial, interpersonal, cultural, societal, and ecological levels.

Question 3

Life Course Criminology

Answer 3

A developmental perspective that draws attention to the fact that criminal behavior tends to follow a distinct pattern across the life cycle

Question 4

Life Course

Answer 4

Pathways through the life span involving a sequence of culturally defined, aged-graded roles and social transitions enacted over time.

Question 5

Trajectory

Answer 5

A pathway or line of development through life that is marked by a sequence of transitions.

Question 6

3 Sets of Dynamic concepts of the life course perspective

Answer 6

Activation
Aggravation
Desistance

Question 7

Activation

Answer 7

The factors hat stimulate delinquent behaviors, and the process that shape the continuity, frequency, and diversity of delinquency.

Question 8

3 Types of activation are possible

Answer 8

Acceleration
Stabilization
Diversification

Question 9

Aggravation

Answer 9

Refers to the existence of a developmental sequence of activities that escalate, or increase in seriousness, over time.

Question 10

Desistance

Answer 10

Describes a slowing down in the frequency of offending, a reduction in its variety, or a reduction in its seriousness.

Question 11

Age Graded Theory

Answer 11

Found children who turned to delinquency were frequently those who had trouble in school and at home, and who had friends who were already involved in delinquency.

Question 12

Turning point

Answer 12

Crucial life experiences that can change behavior in a criminal carrier

Question 13

Social Capital

Answer 13

The degree of positive relationships with other people and with social institutions that individuals build up over the course of their lives.

Question 14

Dual taxonomic Theory

Answer 14

Adolescents commit a lot of crime, yet most of them do not become adult criminals.

Question 15

Life course persistent officers

Answer 15

Offenders who, as a result of neuropyscological deficits combined with poverty and family dysfunction, display patterns of misbehavior throughout life.

Question 16

Adolescent limited offenders

Answer 16

Juvenile offenders who go through limited periods where they exhibit high probabilities offending, but abandon delinquency upon reaching maturity

Question 17

Maturity Gap

Answer 17

Adolescents want autonomy, but are prevented from achieving it because of preexisting societal expectations and opportunities.

Question 18

Why don’t every teenager engage in delinquency?

Answer 18

1) Delayed puberty
2) Access to roles that are respected by adults
3) Environments that limit opportunities for learning about delinquency
4) Personal characteristics that exclude them from antisocial peer networks.

Question 19

Delinquent Development Theory

Answer 19

A theory which examines the stopping of crime.

Question 20

Persistance

Answer 20

Describes continuity in crime

Question 21

Desistance

Answer 21

refers to the cessation of criminal activity or to termination in a period of involvment

Question 22

Unaided

Answer 22

Desistance that occurs without formal intervention or assistance of criminal justice agencies.

Question 23

Aided

Answer 23

Desistance that does involve agencies of the justice system

Question 24

Cohort Study

Answer 24

A type of longitudinal Research design that traces the development of a population whose members share common characteristics

Question 25

Interactional Theory

Answer 25

A theoretical approach to exploring crime and delinquency that blends social control and social learning perspective, while also noting the importance of social structure

Question 26

Developmental Pathways

Answer 26

Intends to improve the understanding of serious delinquency, violence, and drug use by examining how youth act within the context of family, schools, peers, and community.

Question 27

Authority Conflict Pathway

Answer 27

Subject appear to begin quite young (3-4 age)

Question 28

Covert Pathway

Answer 28

Begins with minor covert acts (10)

*lying, shoplifting

Question 29

Overt Pathway

Answer 29

The first step to minor aggression (annoying others and bullying) (11 and 12)