Social Development Flashcards
Human Development
The relationship between the maturing individual and his or her changing environment, as well as the social process that the relationship entails.
The Social Development Perspective
An integrated view of human development that examines multiple levels of maturity simultaneously, including the psychological, biological, and familial, interpersonal, cultural, societal, and ecological levels.
Life Course Criminology
A developmental perspective that draws attention to the fact that criminal behavior tends to follow a distinct pattern across the life cycle
Life Course
Pathways through the life span involving a sequence of culturally defined, aged-graded roles and social transitions enacted over time.
Trajectory
A pathway or line of development through life that is marked by a sequence of transitions.
3 Sets of Dynamic concepts of the life course perspective
Activation
Aggravation
Desistance
Activation
The factors hat stimulate delinquent behaviors, and the process that shape the continuity, frequency, and diversity of delinquency.
3 Types of activation are possible
Acceleration
Stabilization
Diversification
Aggravation
Refers to the existence of a developmental sequence of activities that escalate, or increase in seriousness, over time.
Desistance
Describes a slowing down in the frequency of offending, a reduction in its variety, or a reduction in its seriousness.
Age Graded Theory
Found children who turned to delinquency were frequently those who had trouble in school and at home, and who had friends who were already involved in delinquency.
Turning point
Crucial life experiences that can change behavior in a criminal carrier
Social Capital
The degree of positive relationships with other people and with social institutions that individuals build up over the course of their lives.
Dual taxonomic Theory
Adolescents commit a lot of crime, yet most of them do not become adult criminals.
Life course persistent officers
Offenders who, as a result of neuropyscological deficits combined with poverty and family dysfunction, display patterns of misbehavior throughout life.
Adolescent limited offenders
Juvenile offenders who go through limited periods where they exhibit high probabilities offending, but abandon delinquency upon reaching maturity
Maturity Gap
Adolescents want autonomy, but are prevented from achieving it because of preexisting societal expectations and opportunities.
Why don’t every teenager engage in delinquency?
1) Delayed puberty
2) Access to roles that are respected by adults
3) Environments that limit opportunities for learning about delinquency
4) Personal characteristics that exclude them from antisocial peer networks.
Delinquent Development Theory
A theory which examines the stopping of crime.
Persistance
Describes continuity in crime
Desistance
refers to the cessation of criminal activity or to termination in a period of involvment
Unaided
Desistance that occurs without formal intervention or assistance of criminal justice agencies.
Aided
Desistance that does involve agencies of the justice system
Cohort Study
A type of longitudinal Research design that traces the development of a population whose members share common characteristics
Interactional Theory
A theoretical approach to exploring crime and delinquency that blends social control and social learning perspective, while also noting the importance of social structure
Developmental Pathways
Intends to improve the understanding of serious delinquency, violence, and drug use by examining how youth act within the context of family, schools, peers, and community.
Authority Conflict Pathway
Subject appear to begin quite young (3-4 age)
Covert Pathway
Begins with minor covert acts (10)
*lying, shoplifting
Overt Pathway
The first step to minor aggression (annoying others and bullying) (11 and 12)
