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history- Germany 1890-1945 (part 3) > social policy & practice > Flashcards

social policy & practice Flashcards

8.1A, 8.1B, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5A, 8.5B

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1
Q

.what did history, geography, science and maths lessons for school children focus on?

A
  • history- how badly Germany was treated at the end of WW1
  • geography- areas in the world Germany would conquer
  • science- weapon-making & chemical warfare
  • maths- students calculated how much money Germany would save if they got rid of all the disabled people
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2
Q

what were eugenics?

A

race studies

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3
Q

what were students taught in eugenics?

A

how to improve their race, the inferiority of black people, Eastern Europeans and Jews

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4
Q

what were NAPOLAS? (National Political Educational Institutions)

A

special academies where students who were identified as potential future Nazi leaders

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4
Q

what organisation did all teachers have to join?

A

German Teachers League

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5
Q

what happened between 1933 and 1934?

A

15% of university lecturers/ professors were replaced- a third for racial reasons and a half for political reasons

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6
Q

how many university lecturers had been dismissed by 1939?

A

over 3000

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7
Q

in what year did Hitler give a speech outlining what the ideal teenager should be like?

A

1935

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8
Q

“they must be fast as a greyhound…

A

as tough as leather and as hard as steel

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9
Q

in what year did Hitler set up Hitler Youth Organisations?

A

1922

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10
Q

what were boys and girls taught at Hitler Youth?

A
  • boys- military skills
  • girls- how to be good wives & mothers
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11
Q

what did the Nazi’s do when they came to power in 1933?

A

Hitler banned all other youth groups- e.g. Cub Scouts and Church Youth Clubs

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12
Q

what happened in 1936?

A

a Law for the Incorporation of German Youth gave the Hitler Youth equal status to school & home

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13
Q

when was membership of the Hitler Youth made compulsory?

A

in 1939

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14
Q

what club would boys aged 6-10 join?

A

Little Fellows

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15
Q

what club would boys aged 10-14 join?

A

Young Folk

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16
Q

how old would a boy be when he became a fully-fledged member of Hitler Youth?

A

14 until he reached adulthood at 18

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17
Q

what did boys learn at Hitler Youth meetings?

A
  • how to march
  • fight with knives
  • fire a gun
  • keep themselves fit
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18
Q

what club did girls aged 10 to 14 join?

A

the Young Girls

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19
Q

what club did girls aged 14 to 17 join?

A

League of German Girls

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20
Q

what would girls learn at Hitler Youth?

A
  • went on tough marches
  • learn how to keep fit
  • cook good meals
  • look after babies
  • prepare for motherhood
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21
Q

what were boys and girls encouraged to do?

A

report their parents or teachers if they criticised Hitler or told jokes about the Nazi’s

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22
Q

how much did membership of Hitler Youth increase by from 1933-1939?

A
  • 1933- around 2 million
  • 1939- around 7 million
  • approximately 5 million
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23
Q

who were Swing Youth?

A
  • people who refused to go to Hitler Youth, partied and listened to American Jazz
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24
Q

who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

A
  • a rebel youth gang which went camping and sang songs making fun of Hitler
  • they even physically attacked Hitler Youth groups
  • the gang included boys and girls, including Jews
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25
Q

what did Hitler say about women in a 1934 speech?

A

” the world of a women is a smaller one. For her world is her husband, her family, her children & her house”

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26
Q

what did Nazi’s think about low birth rates?

A

didn’t fit with their plans to expand Germany’s territory & settle Germans in other areas of Europe

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27
Q

what were the 3 K’s?

A

Kinder, Kirche and Kuche

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28
Q

what did the 3 K’s mean?

A

children, church and cooking

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29
Q

what were women banned from doing?

A
  • jury service
  • smoking- “unladylike”
  • wearing trousers or high heels- “unladylike”
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30
Q

what was given out to newly married couples?

A
  • loans- the equivalent of a year’s wages- to encourage them to have children
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31
Q

what happened if a newly- wedded couple had a baby?

A
  • birth of first child they could keep 1/4 of the money
  • birth of second child they could keep 1/2 of the money etc
32
Q

what did the Nazi’s ban?

A

contraception & abortion

33
Q

why was slimming discouraged?

A

thought to be not good for getting pregnant

34
Q

what was the 12th August?

A

the birthday of Hitler’s mother

35
Q

what was awarded on the 12th August?

A

the Motherhood Medal was awarded to the woman with the most children

36
Q

what did mothers with 8 children receive?

A

the Gold Cross

37
Q

what was the Lebensborn movement?

A
  • a Nazi movement to try to stop the population decline in Germany
  • girls were taught in school that it was their duty to produce radically pure children and SS men were acceptable “pure” fathers
38
Q

what had happened by March 1939?

A

1.7 million women had attended one of the German Women’s League motherhood training courses

39
Q

what was the Nazi Women’s organisation set up for?

A

to develop an elite female group dedicated to Nazi beliefs and ideas

40
Q

what was the birth rate in 1933 and 1939?

A
  • 1933- 970,000 babies
  • 1939- 1,413,000
41
Q

what was the Law for the Prevention of Diseased Offspring?

A

women with a history of mental illness, hereditary diseases or anti- social behaviour (like alcoholism) could be forcibly sterilised

42
Q

why did some Christians support the Nazi’s?

A
  • the Nazi’s believed in the importance of marriage, the family & moral values- most Christians believed in these too
  • Christians feared Communism because it was anti-religious- Hitler promises to destroy communism
  • Hitler promised to respect the Catholic Church
43
Q

what did Hitler sign in 1933?

A

a concordant with the Pope so that they would not interfere with eachother

44
Q

how did Hitler break the concordant he signedwith the Pope?

A

he felt German Catholics listened to the Pope more than him so he harassed & arrested Catholic priests & closed down Catholic youth clubs & schools

45
Q

what happened in 1937?

A

the Pope issued a statement called “with burning anxiety” saying that the Nazi’s were hostile to Christ & his Church

46
Q

what happened in August 1941?

A

Catholic Archbishop Galen openly criticised the Nazi’s for their use of terror tactics, euthanasia & concentration camps

47
Q

what happened to Galen?

A

he was put on house arrest until the end of the war

48
Q

what were German Christians?

A

Protestants that admired Hitler for his views on marriage & moral values and wanted to see their Church under Nazi control

49
Q

who was the leader of the German Christians?

A

Ludwig Muller

50
Q

what did German Christians typically wear?

A

Nazi uniforms and used the slogan- “the swastika on our chests & the Cross in our hearts”

51
Q

what was the Confessional Church?

A

a new Protestant group formed- lead by Pastor Martin Niemoller who openly criticised the Nazi’s

52
Q

what happened to the Confessional Church?

A
  • they arrested 800 pastors
  • Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp & the Confessional Church was banned
53
Q

how many Jehovah’s witnesses were killed in concentration camps and why?

A

1/3 because they were pacifists & refused to serve in the army

54
Q

what word did Hitler use to describe the “Master Race”?

A

Aryan

55
Q

what was the ideal Aryan?

A

strong, tall, blond, blue-eyed & white

56
Q

how many people died in death camps up to 1945?

A
  • over half a million gypsies
  • over 6 million Jews
57
Q

what happened to Jews in 1939?

A

they were rounded up & forced to work in ghettos & some were hunted down & murdered by execution squads

58
Q

what happened in March 1933 to Jews?

A

all Jewish lawyers & judges sacked

59
Q

what happened in September 1939?

A

Jews were no longer allowed out of their homes between 8pm & 6am

60
Q

how many tramps, beggars and alcoholics were sent to concentration camps & what happened to them?

A
  • around half a million
  • many were worked to death
61
Q

how many physically & mentally disabled men & women were forcibly sterilised by the Nazis and why?

A
  • about 350,000
  • they didnt fit in with Hitler’s vision of a race of strong & powerful Aryans so he wanted to stop them from passing on any of their “deformities” to their children
62
Q

what happened to physically & mentally disabled men & women from 1939?

A
  • the Nazis began to kill them
  • about 200,000 people, including 5000 children were murdered in specially built nursing-homes
63
Q

what was the Reich Citizenship Law?

A
  • this law defined a German citizen as someone who is “of German or related blood”
  • this meant that Jews who were defined as a separate race could not be full citizens of Germany- they had no political rights
64
Q

what year were the Nuremberg Laws?

A

1935

65
Q

what was the Law for the Protection of German blood & German honour?

A
  • a law against race-mixing
  • banned future intermarriages or sexual relationships between Jews and people of “German blood”
  • the Nazis believed these relationships were dangerous because it led to mixed race children- undermined the purity of the German race
66
Q

what happened in early January 1942?

A

a group of leading Nazis met in Wannsee and they met to discuss the quickest & cheapest way to kill all of the Jews left in Europe

67
Q

what was the Final Solution?

A

the leading Nazis decided to exterminate the remaining 11 million Jews in Europe using poison gas

68
Q

what happened on November 1938?

A
  • under orders from Goebbels, SS troops carried out a nationwide campaign of terror against the Jews
69
Q

what is Kristallnacht also known as?

A

the Night of Broken Glass

70
Q

on Kristallnacht how many Jewish shops had their windows broken, how many Jews were killed, how many Jews were sent to concentration camps and how many synagogues were burnt down?

A
  • 10,000 Jewish shops had their windows broken
  • 100 Jews were killed
  • 20,000 were sent to concentration camps
  • 200 synagogues were burned down
71
Q

what were Einsatzgruppen?

A

execution squads

72
Q

what was the main methods of killing Jews as part of the Final Solution?

A
  • working them to death
  • killing them in poison gas chambers
73
Q

how many major death camps were made as part of the Final Solution?

A

6

74
Q

what happened when Einsatzgruppen soldiers arrived in some towns and villages?

A

some Jews escaped to the forests & formed resistance groups- they attacked German soldiers and blew up railway lines that Germans were using

75
Q

how long did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 last before the Germans regained control, arrested and executed all those involved & burned down the ghetto?

A

43 days

76
Q

what was the Jewish rebellion in Treblinka in 1943?

A
  • one of the prisoners managed to get into the weapons store- handed out guns and grenades
  • he set the camp on fire, 150 prisoners escaped & killed 15 guards
  • the escapees were killed & 550 other prisoners were killed by the Germans in revenge
77
Q

how many Jews were killed by Hitlers Nazis?

A

around 6 million

78
Q

how many of these deaths took place in Auschwitz, Belzec & Treblinka?

A

3 million

history- Germany 1890-1945 (part 3) (3 decks)

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