Social Policies and Education Flashcards
what is a SOCIAL POLICY?
a law, action or guideline, created by the government to fix social problems and issues.
what was the goal of social policies for education?
to improve the education system.
what are the names of the 3 key politicians to do with education?
1- Margaret Thatcher
2- Tony Blair
3- David Cameron
what is the order of the EDUCATIONAL TIMELINE?
1- Butler Act 1944 2- Comprehensive Act 1965 3- Education Reform Act 1988 4- New Labour 1997 5- Coalition 2010 6- Conservative 2015
what was the aim of the BUTLER ACT 1944?
to create parity of esteem.
what is some key info of the BUTLER ACT 1944?
- 11+ exam, determined what school in the Tripartite system students would go to.
- favoured middle class + boys
- disadvantaged working class and girls
what was the aim of the COMPREHENSIVE ACT 1965
to create equality and raise standards
what is some key info of the COMPREHENSIVE ACT 1964?
- abolished 11+ exam, and Tripartite system
- created State Comprehensive School
- ‘all under one roof’ regardless of class, gender, ethnicity and ability.
- meritocracy, equal chances
what are the disadvantages of the COMPREHENSIVE ACT 1964?
- led to teacher labelling
- setting and streaming
- students would be stuck in failing school due to catchment area.
who created the Education Reform Act 1988
Margarat Thatcher
what are the key points of the Education Reform Act 1988?
- reformed Comprehensive system
- made it so that people could move out of catchment areas for schools
- kept the State Comprehensive school
As part of the Education Reform Act, what is MARKETISATION?
the idea that schools advertise and compete against eachother, with market forces to be the best.
what were the 4 aims of marketisation?
- increase competition
- raise standards
- increased parental choice
- benefits the economy
what did marketisation do to schools and their students?
- schools became a business
- students and their parents became the consumers
- schools made profit, and are consumed by the funding they are given for each student
as part of the Education Reform Act, what is open enrolment
there is no fixed catchment area, with parents and students have a free choice of school.
what is the NEW VOCATIONAL social policy?
- work based studies in school/colleges, such as engineering, and B-tech subjects.
- aim= help people gain work specific skills/knowledge, but is aimed at the low-skilled, and exploited.
- improved competitiveness and skills
what is the NATIONAL CURRICULUM social policy?
- pupils taught same topics in the same subjects, country-wide approach.
- made it easier to compare and measure how people were working
what is the NATIONAL TESTING social policy?
- country-wide testing of national curriculum subjects.
- sats, gcses, a-levels, exams and coursework, speaking and listening assessments.
what is the OFSTED social policy?
- inspection service that inspects and rates school, based on their standards, outstanding-inadequete
- ensures that children have effective and safe learning environment
- public documents are published
what is the LEAGUE TABLES social policy?
- measure/data that show a year groups grades for exams
- these exam results are then ranked from highest to lowest for school in an area
- these are then published to the public
what is the FORMULA FUNDING social policy?
- money school receive / child / year
- encouraged ‘marketisation’ + ‘bums on seats’
- more pupils, more money received, more funding = better school
what were BARLETT’s two criticisms about what schools do?
1= CREAM SKIMMING 2= SILK SHIFTING
what did BALL say about parentocracy?
=the myth of parentocracy
what were the NEW RIGHT’s 4 goals of education
- to boost the economy
- to bring about a skilled workforce, so people give to the economy rather than take.
- creates competition through meritocracy
- to restore self-sufficiency, work ethic + independence
what was the first NEW RIGHT reason for creating educational social policies?
they believe that some people are naturally more talented than others, so education needs prepare and teach us values of working hard to achieve.
what was the second NEW RIGHT reason for creating educational social policies?
education should be based on meritocracy, which reduces the welfare dependency, as people will work hard, becoming sufficient.
what was the third NEW RIGHT reason for creating educational social policies?
education should socialise children into shared values and a sense of national identity.
this reduces welfare dependency as it means that people will want to work for their country and not want to be a burden and take from the welfare.
what did CHUBB + MOE say about the fourth reason for creating educational social policies?
state funded schools are not performing to a high enough standard as they are not answerable to a paying customer.
what is the main criticism against the NEW RIGHT social policies created?
they created inequalities, and disregarded the fact that people have blocked opportunities.
what are the names of the 8 1997 NEW LABOUR Policies?
1- Education Action Zone 2-National Literacy Strategy 3- Specialist Schools 4- Educational Maintenance Allowance 5- Sure Start 6- City Academies 7- GIST/WISE 8- ESOL
which prime minister introduced the 1997 NEW LABOUR ACT
Tony Blair
what were the 4 aims of the NEW LABOUR
1- reduce inequality of achievement
2- promote greater diversity
3- increase choice
4- raise competition
what are the 3 arguments against NEW LABOUR
1- how can we have competition and equality at the same time
2- competition produces winners and losers
3- BENN= NEW LABOUR PARADOX, contradiction between competition and equality.
what is the COMPENSATORY EDUCATION
to compensate for the social inequalities outside of school that affected educational outcomes.
what was the aim of the compensatory education?
‘closing the gap.’
what was the problem with the compensatory education?
too expensive, reliant on tax payers
government cannot fund enough so gets rid of them
money cannot be regulated, so may be spent for other uses
what did the social democrats say about policies
‘everybody should have equal chances to succeed but they don’t. This would lead to an efficient work force.’
what did social democrats say about state schools
state schools can’t deliver required standard of education due to lack of funding. policies do not do far enough in closing the gap.
what policies did David Cameron introduce?
- policies
- curriculum/subjects
- schools/universities
- global privatisation
what was David Cameron’s policy influenced by?
the increasing globalisation and migration into the UK.
