Social Perception

Question 1

Social perception

Answer 1

The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people

Question 2

Nonverbal communication

Answer 2

The way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words; nonverbal cues include; facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, the use of touch and gaze.

Question 3

What do non-verbal cues help us to do?

Answer 3

express emotions, our attitudes, and our personality.

Question 4

Encode

Answer 4

To express or emit nonverbal behavior, such as smiling ot patting someone on the back

Question 5

Decode

Answer 5

To interpret the meaning of the non-verbal behavior other people express, such as deciding that a pat on the back was an expression of condescension and not kindness.

Question 6

Was charles darwin right about facial expressions of emotion being universal?

Answer 6

answer seems to be yes for at least six major emotional expressions including, anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear and disgust.

Question 7

Why is pride a particularly interesting emotional display?

Answer 7

because it involves a facial expression as well as body posture and gesture cues.

Question 8

Affect blends

Answer 8

Facial expressions in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers another emotion.

Question 9

Display rules

Answer 9

Culturally determined rules about which no-verbal behaviors are appropriate to display.

Question 10

Emblems

Answer 10

Non-verbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given culture; they usually have direct verbal translations, such as the OK sign.

Question 11

How long does it take to form initial impressions of others?

Answer 11

we form impressions of others based solely on their facial appearance in less than 100 milliseconds.

Question 12

Thin-slicing

Answer 12

Drawing meaningful conclusions about another person’s personality or skills based on an extremely brief sample of behavior

Question 13

Primary Effect

Answer 13

When it comes to forming impressions, the first traits we perceive in others influence how we view information that we learn about them later.

Question 14

Belief perseverance

Answer 14

The tendancy to stick with an initial judgment even in the face of new information that should prompt us to reconsider.

Question 15

Attribution Theory

Answer 15

A description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other peoples behavior

Question 16

Internal attribution

Answer 16

The inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character, or personality.

Question 17

External attribution

Answer 17

The inference that someone is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation he or she is in; the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation.

Question 18

Covariation model

Answer 18

A theory that states that to for an attribution about what caused a persons behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence or absence of possible causal factors and whether the behavior occurs.

Question 19

Consensus information

Answer 19

Information about the extent to which other people behave to the same way toward the same stimulus as the actor does.

Question 20

Distinctivness information

Answer 20

Information about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimuli

Question 21

Consistency information

Answer 21

Information about the extent to which the behavior between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances.

Question 22

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 22

The tendancy to overestimate the extent to which other peoples behavior is due to internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors.

Question 23

Perceptual salience

Answer 23

The seeming importance of information that is the focus of peoples attention

Question 24

Two step attribution process

Answer 24

analyzing another persons behavior first by making an automatic internal attribution and only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behavior, after which one may adjust the original internal attribution.

Question 25

Self-serving attributions

Answer 25

Explanations for ones successes and credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for ones failures that blame external, situational factors.

Question 26

When do self-serving attributions occur

Answer 26

when people make internal attributions for their successes and failures.

Question 27

Bias blind spot

Answer 27

indicates that we think other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are.

Question 28

Belief in a just world

Answer 28

A form of defense attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and that good things happen to good people.

Question 29

Culture and social perception

Answer 29

Social psychologists have increasingly begun to consider cross-cultural differences in how people interpret the world around them.

Question 30

Holistic vs analytic thinking

Answer 30

In individualistic cultures like the united states, people tend to pay more attention to the properties of objects. in collectivist cultures like those of east asia, people focus more on the whole picture including context and the relationships between objects demonstrated by social neuroscience evidence from fMRI and ERP studies.

Question 31

Cultural differences in the fundemantal attribution error (FAE)

Answer 31

Although people from other individualistic and collectivist cultures demonstrate the FAE, members of collectivist cultures are more sensitive to situational causes of behavior as long as situational variables are salient

Question 32

Culture and other attributional biases

Answer 32

There is also evidence for cross-cultural differences in self-serving attributions and belief in a just world. Typically, these differences, too occur between western, individualistic cultures and eastern collectivist cultures.