Prejudice

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

A hostile negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group; it contains cognitive, emotional and behavioral components

Question 2

Stereotype

Answer 2

A generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of a the group, regardless of actual variation among the members

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member if a group solely because of his or her membership in that group

Question 4

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 4

A test thought to measure unconscious (implicit) prejudices according to the speed with which people can pair a target face (e.g. black, white, old ,young, Asian or white) with a positive or negative association (e.g. the words honest or evil)

Question 5

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 5

An expectation of ones own or another persons behavior that comes true because of the tendency of the person holding it to act in ways that bring it about

Question 6

Stereotype threat

Answer 6

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype

Question 7

Institutional discrimination

Answer 7

Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of social company prejudice

Question 8

Normative conformity

Answer 8

The tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfill the groups expectations and gain acceptance

Question 9

Social identity

Answer 9

The part of a persons self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, religious or political groups, occupation, or other social affiliation

Question 10

Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

The belief that ones own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others

Question 11

In-group bias

Answer 11

The tendency to favor members of ones own group and give them special preference over people who belong to other groups; the group can be temporary and trivial as well as significant

Question 12

Out group homogeneity

Answer 12

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other (homogeneous) than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are.

Question 13

Blaming the victim

Answer 13

The tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimization, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place.

Question 14

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 14

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

Question 15

Interdependence

Answer 15

The situation that exists when two or more groups need to depend on one another to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them

Question 16

Jigsaw classroom

Answer 16

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise the self-esteem of children by placing them in small, multi-ethnic groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material

Question 17

What are the causes of prejudice

Answer 17

Three aspects of social life that increase the likelihood of prejudice are conformity to social rules, the importance of social identities ‘us-them’ thinking, and realistic conflict over resources and power.

Question 18

What is the most important way to reduce prejudice between racial and ethnic groups.

Answer 18

Contact, bringing in-group and out-group members together

Question 19

What makes contact successful in reducing prejudice?

Answer 19

six conditions

• common goal
• equal status
• opportunity for informal contact
• chance to interact with multiple members of the out-group rather than one ‘‘token’’: and social norms of equality.