Social Organization Flashcards

1
Q

define solitary animals

A

individuals forage, rest, live alone except for mating, and usually rear offspring alone

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2
Q

examples of solitary animals

A

bears, hamsters, most large felines (except lions & cheetahs)

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3
Q

define pair animals

A

male & female defend territory and rear offspring together

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4
Q

examples of pairs

A

birds, foxes, some wild carnivores

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5
Q

what are the differnt pair types?

A

-short term : transiet mating (meadow moles)
-long term : bonded for good portion of life cycle (penguins, cockatoos)
- lifelong : mate for life (snowy owls, praire voles)
- social : territorial or social pair (swan)
- clandestine : quick extra pair mating (chimp, human)
- dynamic : swinger mating (gibbons)

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6
Q

define matriachal groups

A

groups of females with offspring where males disperse (solitary or bachelor groups) and intermix in breeding season

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7
Q

examples of matriarchal groups

A

cattle, elephants, domestic cats, sheep, goats

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8
Q

define harem (natal bands)

A

single male lives with group of females (can have multiple harem in group), bachelor band is sanctuary for older males w/out natal band

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9
Q

examples of harem

A

horses, some primates

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10
Q

define packs

A

males & females live cooperatively in complex social group, communal rearing of young by pack with 1-2 breeding pairs, hunt together

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11
Q

examples of packs

A

wolves, african wild dogs

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12
Q

define resource holding potential

A

potential to win an all-out fight, how animals resolve disputes

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13
Q

define linear hierarchy (chickens)

A

pecking order or unidirectional, rank is based on ; rank of parents, age, size, sex

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14
Q

define triangular hierarchy (cows)

A

social hierarchy has a three-way order

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15
Q

define despotic

A

one animal assumes priority acess to all, minimal to no hierarchy for other indivudals (indoor cat household)

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16
Q

dominance must occur between animals of ___ species over a resource and takes ___ encounters to establish

A

same ; multiple (determined by repeated agonistic encounters between twon individuals)

17
Q

define agnostic behaviors

A

activity of figthing ; aggression, submission, avoidance, retreat

18
Q

define aggression

A

attack or threat by one individual to threaten to harm another

19
Q

define offensive aggression

A

animal percives resource opportunity and threatens other animal if it does not leave it

20
Q

define defensive aggression

A

animal perceives resource threat to safety or resources and becomes fearful eith defensive threats

21
Q

causes of aggression

A

maternal, pain, fear, resource guarding

22
Q

define avoidance

A

active : give way to approaching dominant animal
passive : freeze and avoid eye contact of dominant animal