Social Learning Theory (Bandura) Flashcards
Modelling
In order for social learning theory to take place, someone must carry out modeled behaviour in order for it to be followed. These models provide examples of our behaviour which are observed and can be later followed through imitation.
Imitation
Much of what a child learns is through imitation if attitudes and behaviour modeled by parents and role models. It is shown that these models of behaviour can be rapidly acquired. The key reason whether it is imitated is whether the observer is able to yo perform those behaviours and the consequences of that behaviour.
Identification
Where an individual relates to a model as they are similar in person. It is said that the observer is similar to them they will most likely perform the same outcomes. Identification with a model is said to mean they are most likely to be imitating the following behaviour.
Vicarious reinforcement
It was noted by Bandura and Walter’s (1963) that when children observed a model reward for aggressive behaviour they were much more likely to follow in their attitudes unlike other children that were punished for the same behaviour. This is known vicarious reinforcement. They learn about the consequences if the actions leading to adjustment if behaviour through social learning theory.
Mediational processes
Refers to the internal and mental processes that exist between environmental stimuli and the response made by the individual.
Procedure
Observed aggressive and non aggressive modeling towards the bobo doll hamf were exposed to each. The aggressive model shows violence and dialogue to the doll. Leading to following exposure they were not allowed to play with attractive toys and therefore were taken to a room with the bobo doll.
Findings
Children who observed the aggressive behaviour produced a good deal of physical and verbal aggressive attitudes. Whereas the non aggressive observers showed no visual aggression. 1/3 of the aggressive observers showed verbal violence too wheras none of the other group did anything harmful. In a follow up study Bandura and Walter found children who observed the model being awarded for aggressive behaviour showed a high level of aggression in their own play (vicarious reinforcement)
Social learning theory has useful applications A03
The principles of SLT have been usefully applied to increase the understanding of human behaviours for example criminal behaviour. Akers suggested that people exposed to imitated behaviour of criminal activity are more likely to perform that behaviour. They develop the expectation of positive consequences for their own criminal behaviour. Further supported through the findings of the strongest cause of behaviour in adolescence is through peer groups. Where it was modeled and rewarded.
A problem of complexity A03
Advocates have disregard other potential influences on behaviour e.g in explaining the role of gender behaviour, social learning theorists would emphasise the importance of gender specific modelling. In real life, however a child is exposed to many different situations. All of them in different complex ways. Presenting a serious problem where if anything can influence someone’s behaviour in the real world application then it is very difficult to determine which in particular behaviour causes a major influence.
