Origins Of Pyschology Flashcards
Empiricism
The belief all knowledge gained from experience forms of two basic beliefs, genuinely characterized by the use of scientific memory.
Introspection
Where a person gains knowledge about her own mental and emotional states as a result of the examination or observation of its conscious thoughts and feeling.
Scientific methods
Objective systematic and replicable investigating methods and testing modifying hypothesis based on methods.
Structuralism
Breaks down the structure of the human mind allowing it to be seen better, breaking down behaviours of sensation and perception into the basic elements.
The emergence of Psychology as a science
What does hold psychology as a science. This is most probably reliant on a philosophical view known as empiricism. Empericists believe that knowledge comes from observation and experience alone. when they were first applied by Wundt and his followers they began to emerge as distinct entity. The new scientific approach was based on two major assumptions. First, all behaviours is seen as being caused. A second is if behaviour is determined it should predict what people would do differently under these conditions. It is used to explore these assumptons that have become the scientific method.
The scientific method (detailed)
The scientific method is used for investigating methods that are objective, systematic and replicable.
Objective (Scientific Method)
It is objective if the researchers dont let their ideas or bias influence/affect the results.
Systematic (Scientific methods)
If observations and experiments are carried out in an orderly way. Measurements and recordings are carried out accurately and with due considerations for other possible factors of the results contained.
Replicable (Scientific method)
If results are not reliable, they are not reliable and universally true. The research process is not restricted to empirical observations. The development of scientific theories and the constant testing and refining of these theories through further observations complete the scientific cycle.
Good A01 knowledge (Wundt)
Wundt believed all aspects of nature, including the human mind could be studied. Wundts aim was to study the structure of the human mind. He believed the best way was to break down behaviours such as sensation into their basic elements. This was known as structuralism and the technique he used as introspection.
A01 (introspection)
Introspection in Latin means looking into. It is the process of which a person gains knowledge about their own mental and emotional states. Wundt claimed with sufficient training the human mind could be observed through systematic introspection. This then led to compare differences participants reports in their response to the same stimuli allowing general theories to be made about their own perception.
(A01) Scientific method
The scientific method is refered to the use of investigating methods it needs to objective, systematic and replicable. Objective is not allowing preconceived ideas or bias influence the results or finding of researchers. Systematic is carried out in an orderly way with structure and planning. Allowing measurements and empirical data to be carried out accurately. Replicable is can it be repeated by other researchers they are reproducible. If they cant be there not universally true. These factors allow the completion of the scientific cycle.
