Social learning theory and biological approach Flashcards
What is the key concept in the social learning theory
what theory is it an update to
It suggests we learn by observing others and it is an example of a learning theory
update to the classical and operant conditioning
What is banduras research and how did he carry it out
Bobo doll experiment to see if children would learn and immediate aggression by watching an adult be aggressive
He did it by putting a child (3-5) in a room with a bobo doll and an adult the adult then was violent to the bobo doll e.g. hitting it pushing it etc. The adult then left the room and the children were exposed to mild frustration. Many children copied the adults aggression toward the bobo doll. Showing children are likely to copy aggressive behaviour if they have observed it.
What are the 3 modelling types
. Live modelling - Where the model is physically present while being observed. The observer can directly watch the model perform and potentially imitate it
. Systematic modelling - observing real of fictional models through mass media. The behaviour observed can influence the observer even though the model is not physically present
. Verbal modelling - descriptions or instructions are given and the observer listens and reproduces behaviour based on verbal guidance
What’s imitation
the more similar the role model is to the observer the more likely that the behaviour will be imitated.
. same gender
. similar age
Also if the role model is seen in a positive light
. high status
. likeable
What are the mediational processes and what do they do
more cognitive approach
. Attention
. Retention
. Reproduction
. Motivation
They all influence how we think and respond
e.g. janes favourite actor dyed her hair pink and jane thought it looked good so jane did also
. attention- Jane paid attention to what the actor had done
. retention - She remembered the colour / info
. reproduction - Jane was capable of reproducing the behaviour of dying her hair
. Motivation - Jane thought it looked good so she dyed her hair
What are the differences between behaviourism and the social learning theory
- Direct conditioning (B) vs learning through observation (S)
- Stimulus-response associations (B) vs mediational processes (S)
- no focus on cognitive states (B) vs includes focus on cognitive states (S)
- based on primarily animals (B) vs based on human behaviour and interaction (s)
What is the assumption in the biological approach?
The mind and body are interconnected and that phycological processes can be explained by biological factors such as brain function, genetics and biochemical imbalances
What does the biological approach emphasis the roles of
Genetic inheritance
Brain structure
neurochemicals ( such as neurotransmitters effect mood)
Evolutionary adaptation
What does the biological affect think genetics has on psychological processes
Behavior is influenced by genetics. Behavior genetics explores the role of hereditary in shaping traits like intelligence, personality and mental health
What is the key way to study genetics in humans
and what are the 2 types
what is concordance rates
Twins
dizygotic (unidentical) twins - These twins share 50% of there genes
monozygotic (identical) twins - These twins share 100% of genes . These twins can help us determined if a characteristic is more influenced by genetics or environment
concordance rates - refers to the percentage of pairs of twins (or relatives) who both display the same behavior
higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins that dizygotic twins showing traits or behavior has a strong genetic basis
What is a genotype and phenotype
Genotype is sets of genes in our DNA that are responsible for a particular trait and is determined by the make up of alleles. Even characteristics that are not visible are apart of an organisms genotype
phenotypes are physical expression or characteristic of a genotype. phenotypes can be observed directly such as eye colour or height. The environment can effect how a genotype is expressed as a phenotype e.g. tanning
What are the brain structures in the biological approach
Frontal lobe - responsible for higher level cognitive functions, such as decision making, problem solving and controlling emotions and behaviours
Temporal lobe - auditory information involved in memory formation
Occipital lobe - visual processing
parietal lobe - sensory information like touch, temperature and spacial awareness
what does the biological approach say about brain structure
Different areas of the brain are associated with different types of behaviour
What does the biological approach say about neurochemistry
That neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain that transmit signals between neurons which is critical for regulating various aspects various aspects of behaviour, including mood, attention and motivation .
when levels are imbalanced it can result in psychological disorders
what is serotonin and dopamine and what happens when level are high and low
serotine is associated with regulating mood
low levels can be linked to depression
dopamine is involved in the brain reward system and is linked to motivation and pleasure
high levels - schizophrenia
low levels - Parkinson’s disease
