Social learning theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the social learning theory?

A

Social learning theory (SLT) states that behaviours are learned in a social context; that learning occurs through observation of the behaviour of others and consequences of this behaviour

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2
Q

Who discovered the social learning theory?

A

Bandura

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3
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement?

A
  • If an observed behaviour is reinforced, it is likely to be imitated
  • If an observed behaviour is punished, it is not likely to be imitated.
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4
Q

What do mediational processes do in the SLT?

A

SLT states that mediational processes occur between the stimulus- response
link. These mediational processes are important in determining whether an observed
behaviour will go on to be imitated.

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5
Q

What are the 4 mental mediational processes?

A

Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation

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6
Q

What is attention as an SLT mediational process?

A

The extent to which a behaviour is noticed.

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7
Q

What is retention as an SLT mediational process?

A

How well we remember the behaviour

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8
Q

What is motor reproduction as an SLT mediational process?

A

The ability of the learner to perform the behaviour

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9
Q

What is motivation as an SLT mediational process?

A

The will to perform the learned behaviour is dependent on whether it will lead to positive or negative consequences.

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10
Q

Why are role models important in the SLT?

A

Bandura states that for social learning to take place a role model should carry out the behaviour/attitude to be learned

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11
Q

How should the learner be able to identify with the role model?

A

This is most likely to happen if the model displays desirable characteristics
(attractive, high status etc) and is more likely if they are the same sex

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12
Q

Who was tested in Bandura’s Bobo doll study?

A

36 boys and 36 girls from the Stanford University Nursery School aged 3-6 years old

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13
Q

What experiment method was used in Bandura’s Bobo doll study?

A

A lab experiment

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14
Q

What experimental design was Bandura’s study?

A

Matched pairs

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15
Q

What was the independent variable in Bandura’s study?

A

The type of model

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16
Q

What was the dependent variable in Bandura’s study?

A

The child’s behaviour

17
Q

How did the researchers pre-test the children?

A

They tested how aggressive they were by observing the children in the nursery and judged their aggressive behaviour on four 5 point rating scales. It was then possible to match the children in each group so that they had similar levels of aggression in their everyday behaviour

18
Q

What three conditions was the independent variable manipulated in?

A
  • Aggressive model shown to 24 children
  • Non aggressive model shown to 24 children
  • No model shown (control condition) to 24 children
19
Q

What did the aggressive model do in the experiment?

A

The aggressive model displayed distinctive physically aggressive acts towards the bobo
doll, for example, striking it with a mallet, and shouted verbally aggressive words like
‘Pow!’

20
Q

What did the non aggressive model do in the experiment?

A

Played in a quiet and subdued manner for 10 minutes (playing with a tinker toy set and ignoring the bobo-doll)

21
Q

What happened to each group after the modelling?

A

After the experiment, the children were deliberately frustrated by showing them attractive toys which they were not allowed to play with. They were then taken to a room where among other toys was a bobo doll

22
Q

What happened after the children had the toys taken from them?

A

The next room contained some aggressive toys and some non-aggressive toys. The non-aggressive toys included a tea set, crayons, three bears and plastic farm animals. The aggressive toys included a mallet and peg board, dart guns, and a 3 foot Bobo doll. The child was in the room for 20 minutes, and their behaviour was observed and rated though a one-way mirror. Observations were made at 5-second intervals, therefore, giving 240 response units for each child

23
Q

What were the findings for the group of children with the aggressive model?

A

Children who observed the aggressive model reproduced physical and verbal aggressive responses

24
Q

What were the findings for the group of children with the non-aggressive model?

A

Children in the non-aggressive model group displayed no physical or verbal aggressive responses

25
Q

In a follow up study, what did Bandura and Walters find when a child observed a model being rewarded for aggressive acts?

A

They were most likely to show high levels of aggression in their own play

26
Q

What are 4 evaluation points for the social learning theory?

A
  • The theory is supported by research
  • The theory has real world implications
  • The theory is falsifiable
  • SLT is deterministic