Social Learning Theory Flashcards
Define observation
When people see others people’s behaviour.
Its an active process in which we chose to focus our attention to the modelled behaviour.
Must grab our attention and be seen
Define Imitation
The process of copying someone else’s behaviour.
It leads to the acquisition of new behaviours
No need for reinforcement.
Imitation depends on if the modelled behaviour is from a role model or not.
Define modelling
When a specific behaviour is demonstrated by a role model
Define vicarious reinforcement
Indirect reinforcement
The model is reinforced for their behaviour.
The model being reinforced makes it more likely for the observer to imitate the behaviour.
Define attention
The attention must be noticed otherwise learning won’t occur
define retention
The behaviour seen must be stored in our memory
Define reproduction
The behaviour seen must be able to be replicated (opportunity/capability)
Define motivation (reinforcement)
The incentive to carry out the behaviour, which can be motivations through vicarious reinforcement before the behaviour is done or direct reinforcement after the behaviour is done.
What characteristics does a role model have?
Relevance - similar to the observer
Power - position of power
High Status - some sort of position with status
Appropriate behaviour - behaviour is right for the person who caries it out
Warmth - they’re friendly and likeable
Attractive - visibly appealing
What are the 4 aspects of vicarious reinforcement?
Modelling effect
Eliciting effect
Disinhibiting effect
Inhibitory effect
What is the modelling effect?
Someone has observed a behaviour being reinforced and then copies that behaviour.
They wouldn’t have copied that behaviour if they wouldn’t have seen it being reinforced.
What is the eliciting effect?
Someone sees a behaviour reinforced and copies that behaviour but does it slightly different.
What is a disinhibiting effect?
Someone sees a behaviour that they thought would be unacceptable.
However, the model isn’t punished or reinforced.
Because the model wasn’t punished, the observer imitates the behaviour as they think they wouldn’t be punished.
What is the inhibiting effect?
A role model is punished for their behaviour, so the observer doesn’t imitate it as they think they will be punished as well.
Give 2 strengths of Social learning theory
Cook and Mineka - monkeys watched a video of other moneky’s reacting with fear to snakes. When the observer had a chance to get food, they wouldn’t if it involved approaching a snake or a toy snake
Anderson and Dill - asked college students to play a violent video game or a non-violent video game. They where then given the opportunity to give an opponent a blast of noise. Those who played violent games gave a longer blast of noise that the others