social learning

Question 1

what was the aim of bandura 1961

Answer 1

investigate mechanisms of slt theory to see whether things learned in one context would be repeated in different ones

Question 2

sample of bandura 1961

Answer 2

72 ppts equal split of male and female
average age of 52 months old
all from same nursery
three adults involved:male model , female model and female experimenter

Question 3

how was a matched pairs design used in bandura 1961

Answer 3

aggressiveness was controlled by rating their natural aggression then using matched pairs

Question 4

what were the 3 experimental conditions

Answer 4

-aggressive model
-non aggressive model
-control(no model)

Question 5

what was stage 1 of the procedure of bandura 1961

Answer 5

-each child was individually exposed to the experimental conditions
-in the aggressive conditions the model began to beat the bodo doll with a toy mallet ,push it over ,kick it ,hit it and says things like ‘pow’
-in the non agressive condition the model didn’t show any agressive behavior

Question 6

what was stage 2 of bandura 1961 procedure

Answer 6

-kids were taken to a separate room where they were free to play with some toys
-after 2 mins the experimenter came in and told them to stop playing as the toys were not for them
-this was to get the children angry

Question 7

what was stage 3 of bandura 1961 procedure

Answer 7

-lead to a room with a variety of toys ranging from aggressive (gun,mallet) to non agressive (crayons,paper)
-the child was supervised by the experimenter while the child was observed through a one way mirror
-behavior was recorded every 5 seconds for 20 minutes

Question 8

what were the results of bandura 1961

Answer 8

-aggressive models created more aggressive imitation
-males were more agressive than females 25.8 acts vs 12.4
-male model had greater impact on both genders than female model
-non agressive model inhibited aggression

Question 9

what were the conclusions of bandura 1961

Answer 9

-not all behavior is learned through reinforcement some is learned through observation which can later be reproduced
-observing aggressive behavior may weaken social inhibitions
-male model more influential
-boys more physically aggressive

Question 10

aim of bandura 1963

Answer 10

test the idea that watching filmed agression might be cathartic

Question 11

sample of bandura 1963

Answer 11

96 recruited from standford uni nursery all matched on agression

Question 12

what were the 4 models in bandura 1963

Answer 12

-live model
-filmed model
-cartoon cat
-control
all conditions followed same script with bodo doll

Question 13

procedure of bandura 1963

Answer 13

same as 1961

Question 14

results of 1963

Answer 14

-control group are half agressive as other groups
-after cartoon model there were 99 aggressive acts and 92 after filmed model

Question 15

conclusion of 1963

Answer 15

-children will imitate filmed aggression in the same way as live aggressive role models
-filmed violence is not cathartic

Question 16

aim of bandura 1965

Answer 16

see if vicarious reinforcement would affect childrens behaviour

Question 17

sample of 1965

Answer 17

-66 standford nursery children randomly allocated to 3 groups

Question 18

what were the 3 conditions in bandura 1965

Answer 18

-model rewarded for aggressive behaviour
-model punished for aggressive behaviour
-no consequences

Question 19

procedure for bandura 1965

Answer 19

-taken to suprise playroom and asked to watch 5 min show
-model arrived and did 4 specfic behaviours
-bodo was put on side sat on and punched -‘pow’
-bodo was hit on head with mallet
-model kicked bodo around room
-model threw balls at bodo-‘bang’
-for the rewarded model a second adult came in with a drink and sweets and said the model was a strong champion and the aggressive behaviour deserved treats
-for punished model an adult came in shaking his finger and calling him a ‘big bully’.The second adult sat on the model and hit him with a newpaper
-following this the kids were taken to a room with bodo,mallet,dolls and plastic animals.For 10 min they were observed every 5 secs

Question 19

results 1965

Answer 19

-children are more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour if model was positively reinforced
-boys preformed more imitated aggression

Question 19

conclusion 1965

Answer 19

-boys more aggressive than girls
-children more likely to imitate behaviour of role model if they were positively reinforced

Question 20

strengths of bandura

Answer 20

-matched pairs on baseline agression =valid
-eco validity=nursery is natural setting for kids
-standardised=reliable
-sample large and has boys and girls
-covert observation reduced demand characteristics=valid
-shows we learn from role models which has lead to useful policies like watershed=useful=credible

Question 20

weakness of bandura

Answer 20

-low in mundane realisim as children watched adults attack bodo doll =doesnt apply irl
-children may have copied aggressive behaviour from outside =not valid
-only done on young children doesnt apply to adults
-ethnocentric sample all from usa =not gen
-socially sensitive as parents who argue at home may feel responsible for making their children more aggressive

Question 21

what is slt

Answer 21

states we learn through observation and imitation

Question 22

what is the medial process

Answer 22

-attention-we must pay attention to a behaviour
-retention -we must remember a behaviour to copy it