social learning Flashcards
what was the aim of bandura 1961
investigate mechanisms of slt theory to see whether things learned in one context would be repeated in different ones
sample of bandura 1961
72 ppts equal split of male and female
average age of 52 months old
all from same nursery
three adults involved:male model , female model and female experimenter
how was a matched pairs design used in bandura 1961
aggressiveness was controlled by rating their natural aggression then using matched pairs
what were the 3 experimental conditions
-aggressive model
-non aggressive model
-control(no model)
what was stage 1 of the procedure of bandura 1961
-each child was individually exposed to the experimental conditions
-in the aggressive conditions the model began to beat the bodo doll with a toy mallet ,push it over ,kick it ,hit it and says things like ‘pow’
-in the non agressive condition the model didn’t show any agressive behavior
what was stage 2 of bandura 1961 procedure
-kids were taken to a separate room where they were free to play with some toys
-after 2 mins the experimenter came in and told them to stop playing as the toys were not for them
-this was to get the children angry
what was stage 3 of bandura 1961 procedure
-lead to a room with a variety of toys ranging from aggressive (gun,mallet) to non agressive (crayons,paper)
-the child was supervised by the experimenter while the child was observed through a one way mirror
-behavior was recorded every 5 seconds for 20 minutes
what were the results of bandura 1961
-aggressive models created more aggressive imitation
-males were more agressive than females 25.8 acts vs 12.4
-male model had greater impact on both genders than female model
-non agressive model inhibited aggression
what were the conclusions of bandura 1961
-not all behavior is learned through reinforcement some is learned through observation which can later be reproduced
-observing aggressive behavior may weaken social inhibitions
-male model more influential
-boys more physically aggressive
aim of bandura 1963
test the idea that watching filmed agression might be cathartic
sample of bandura 1963
96 recruited from standford uni nursery all matched on agression
what were the 4 models in bandura 1963
-live model
-filmed model
-cartoon cat
-control
all conditions followed same script with bodo doll
procedure of bandura 1963
same as 1961
results of 1963
-control group are half agressive as other groups
-after cartoon model there were 99 aggressive acts and 92 after filmed model
conclusion of 1963
-children will imitate filmed aggression in the same way as live aggressive role models
-filmed violence is not cathartic
aim of bandura 1965
see if vicarious reinforcement would affect childrens behaviour
sample of 1965
-66 standford nursery children randomly allocated to 3 groups
what were the 3 conditions in bandura 1965
-model rewarded for aggressive behaviour
-model punished for aggressive behaviour
-no consequences
procedure for bandura 1965
-taken to suprise playroom and asked to watch 5 min show
-model arrived and did 4 specfic behaviours
-bodo was put on side sat on and punched -‘pow’
-bodo was hit on head with mallet
-model kicked bodo around room
-model threw balls at bodo-‘bang’
-for the rewarded model a second adult came in with a drink and sweets and said the model was a strong champion and the aggressive behaviour deserved treats
-for punished model an adult came in shaking his finger and calling him a ‘big bully’.The second adult sat on the model and hit him with a newpaper
-following this the kids were taken to a room with bodo,mallet,dolls and plastic animals.For 10 min they were observed every 5 secs
results 1965
-children are more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour if model was positively reinforced
-boys preformed more imitated aggression
conclusion 1965
-boys more aggressive than girls
-children more likely to imitate behaviour of role model if they were positively reinforced
strengths of bandura
-matched pairs on baseline agression =valid
-eco validity=nursery is natural setting for kids
-standardised=reliable
-sample large and has boys and girls
-covert observation reduced demand characteristics=valid
-shows we learn from role models which has lead to useful policies like watershed=useful=credible
weakness of bandura
-low in mundane realisim as children watched adults attack bodo doll =doesnt apply irl
-children may have copied aggressive behaviour from outside =not valid
-only done on young children doesnt apply to adults
-ethnocentric sample all from usa =not gen
-socially sensitive as parents who argue at home may feel responsible for making their children more aggressive
what is slt
states we learn through observation and imitation
what is the medial process
-attention-we must pay attention to a behaviour
-retention -we must remember a behaviour to copy it
