social integration theory Flashcards
Define social integration theory
Émile Durkheim. Durkheim asserted that society functioned through a system of social interconnections that define norms and influence people to act beyond their own interests and work together. Durkheim found that men without religious connections had higher rates of suicide in 19th century France and concluded that social integration, developed from social relationships, was protective for health
people’s norms, beliefs, and values make up a collective consciousness, or a shared way of understanding and behaving in the world.
How has SIT changed/been modernized since first created?
Not just religious connections but social networks and sense of belonging associated
More depth to the tie: social support from tie (instrumental, emotional), relationship of the tie (a parent, a friend), and social capital from a tie
See it applied more still to suicide
Strengths/limitations of the theory? Bring in social learning theory
Often inherent in the application of Social Integration Theory to both of these approaches is the assumption that all social ties are equally meaningful. Social Integration Theory does not suggest methodological approaches that assess differences in the qualities of those social ties which may differentially impact social norms or individual behavior. Additionally, these methodological approaches are often conducted cross sectionally, which does not account for changes in social ties over time. The stability of social ties may alter the influence of specific social ties on norms and individual level behaviors (Thomas, 2012).
Social media
Bandura: social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others
define social ties. define social norms Describe umberson how social ties directly and indirectly influence health behavior
Social ties are defined as connections among people that are used to share information, knowledge, feelings, and experiences, and can promote both healthy or risky behavior.
Social norms are normative beliefs or standard social behaviors that are formed from social ties and can also promote either healthy or risky behavior
Adolescence is a period of high risk for involvement in community gun violence and a period where peer status is particularly important for feelings of belongingness
Applied to community gun violence, social ties with individuals who perpetrate or are victimized by violence are constructed as violent peers. While school is usually the primary institution to promote social ties among adolescents, adolescents involved in violence are most likely to drop out of school and affiliate with other violent adolescents outside of school
Some studies conduct primary data collection of social networks (egocentric)
Others create networks though secondary data analysis of arrest or homicide data where patterns of co-offending (Papachristos & Wildeman, 2014) or retaliatory killing (Kubrin & Weitzer, 2003b) are connected into sociometric networks.
Talk about unique elements of adolescents. Is safe streets limited to adolescents?
Adolescence is a period of high risk for involvement in community gun violence and a period where peer status is particularly important for feelings of belongingness
Yes, target pop is 15-24,WHO says adolescent is 10-19
Talk about network level analysis in chicago (papachristos)
A network-level analysis of homicides in Chicago demonstrated that the closer an individual was to a homicide victim in their network, measured as the number of social ties between the individual and the victim, the greater the risk of later victimization for the individual. Each social tie removed from a homicide victim decreased an individual’s odds of later victimization by 57%
What norms are relevant for SSB?
violent norms, or normative beliefs that violence is an appropriate way to resolve conflict. These violent norms create a “street code” of “kill-or-be-killed” culture that promotes gun carrying as a mechanism of self-defense which both increases the risk of community gun violence and justifies retaliatory killings
Describe aggressive coping strategies and how they relate to norms and gun violence exposure
Aggressive coping strategies are defined as unplanned, impulsive acts in response to a real or perceived threat and are predictive of both violence perpetration and victimization
Aggressive coping strategies can develop from violent norms that are learned from violent peers; among adolescents recently arrested for the first time for a moderate offense across three US cities, previous exposure to gun violence in their peer network was associated with moderate but significant increases in both reactive and proactive aggressive behavior (Shulman et al., 2021). These violent norms create a cycle of violence that further normalizes violence and numbs individuals to violence, reducing emotional responses and increasing aggressive coping behavior
