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Inequality > Social injustices > Flashcards

Social injustices Flashcards

1
Q

What does rendering technical mean?

A

To oversimplify something that is actually more complicated and top-down

Creates “solutions” to superficial problems and depoliticises them

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2
Q

Why is climate justice important geographically?

A

Causes and impacts are uneven

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3
Q

How does the climate justice movement compare with the envi justice movement in 1960s USA?

A

Builds on the environ justice movement, but now has a global remit, increasingly in the global south too

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4
Q

What is climate colonialism?

A
  • A misinterpretation of climate justice
  • Forces poorer countries to deindustrialise and limit fossil fuel emissions when they lack the technology to develop by an alternative means
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5
Q

Why is climate justice often referred to as a “triple injustice” (CITATION?)?

A
  1. Hits the poorest
  2. Who feel the most impacts
  3. At a greater cost
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6
Q

What are the 4 pillars of climate justice outlined by Newell et al 2021?

A

1) Distributional (costs and benefits)
2) Procedural (equitable and fair)
3) Recognition of different perspectives
4) Intergenerational

(Newell, et al., 2021)

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7
Q

What is a good source for the UN polluter pay principle?

A

Adger, et al., 2006

Also UNFCC 1992

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8
Q

What is a good example of climate colonialism?

A
  • REDDT+ (Citation??)

- Inhibited development

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9
Q

Who has raised the issue surrounding individualist approaches to climate justice?

A

Okereke and Coventry 2017

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10
Q

Besides localised impacts, what other reasons are there for moving beyond a state focus for climate change?

A

Corporations that are ultimately responsible for climate change

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11
Q

Besides forcing people to do things that they cannot afford, why is an individualist solution to climate injustices flawed?

A

Makes people selfish and self-centred so that they do not cooperate as a group

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12
Q

What is the first example of environmental injustice movements?

A

N. Carolina PCB protest 1982 in Warren County

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13
Q

What would be a novel approach to studying environmental injustice?

A

Understanding new conceptualisations of nature, urbanity and wilderness

Based on the works of R Williams, Cronon etc

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14
Q

What are 3 other ways of thinking about envi. injustice?

A
  • Environmental Racism
  • Pollution of Colonialism (Libiron, 2021)
  • Social/racial segregation mirroring pollution (Bullard, 2006)
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15
Q

How does environmental injustice compare with envrionmentalism?

A

Looks at the localised impacts of the environment on communities, not distant national parks and wilderness places

(di Chiro, 1996; Cronon, 1996)

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16
Q

Who is a major proponent of envi justice movement?

A

Rob Bullard (2006)

17
Q

What was a problem with the obsession with wilderness of the 60s envi movement?

A
  • The socio-ecological trouble with wilderness
  • Wilderness as a privileged landscape (Cronon, 1996)
  • Not an intersectional movement
18
Q

What is a contemporary example of environmental injustice?

A

Cancer alley, USA (Raised by Biden 2021; covered by Davies, 2009)

19
Q

What is a local example of privileged environmental injustice?

A
  • Fen Ditton, Cambs against honey pot hill sewage works
  • Funny how wealthy seek to preserve their assets (i.e. not allow depreciation of house prices) only when really threatened (same with Gatwick expansion etc)
  • Only the wealthy have the time and money to protest
20
Q

What is the temporal issue surrounding environmental and climate justice?

A

The slow violence effect (Nixon, 2011)

21
Q

What is a critique of slow violence?

A

A spatial element - boiling frogs

People in the west insulated from the impacts by distance as well as time. A cognitive dissonance

(Highlighted in Beardsley 2012)

22
Q

What is especially troubling about the slow violence of environmental deterioration?

A

It becomes normalised as there is no sudden spectacle

The communities are seen to be riddled with cancer cases because of compositional, not contextual factors (c.f. Bambra, 2019)

23
Q

Who has raised awareness of intergenerational effects of environmental inequalities

A

Walker et al., 2005

Also enhancement of issues if left unadressed

24
Q

Who discovered a correlation between % ethnic minorities and levels of pollution in USA?

A

USA Racial Justice Study (1987)

25
Q

What are two examples of noise pollution?

A
  • Rogers, 2014 on Boston airport traffic

- Mitchell and Dorling, 2003 for air pollution in UK

26
Q

What is an example of a study into green space access?

A

O’Brian and Morris, 2014 in the UK for different marginalised groups

27
Q

What are the two biggest limitations to environmental justice?

A

1) Misses big picture with solutions and impact assessments (esp. spatial and temporal scales)
2) Arbitrary levels of acceptable environmental quality - issues of triage

28
Q

Why does Libiron suggest that pollution is inherently colonial?

A
  • Not just capitalism
  • Pollution duped elsewhere, with locals having no say
  • A form of expropriation by dumping
29
Q

Who has pointed towards a decolonised and pluralist conception of environmental injustice?

A

Coolsaet, 2020

Also Álvarez and Coolsaet, 2020

30
Q

What 3 reasons do Álvarez and Coolsaet, 2020 give for decolonising environmental justice?

A

1) “Environment” and “Justice” based on western ideas
2) Participation can be limited by material restrictions
3) Knowledges from global south overlooked

31
Q

What is a good quote about toxicity and slow violence?

A

“Toxic pollution is a form of violence” (Davies, 2019)

32
Q

How are structural forces/violence linked to slow violence?

A

Structural inequality can exacerbate effects of slow violence in a reinforcing cycle with epistemic inequalities

Davies, 2019

33
Q

What does McCauley and Heffron (2018) overlook in their historiography of a just transition for climate?

A

The critical Marxist analysis into the limitations of technology-driven solution that secures jobs

McCauley and Heffron (2018)

34
Q

What source links environmental justice with political ecology?

A

Svarstad and Benjaminsen, 2020

Covers role of power in participatory approaches etc

35
Q

How many countries have balance of emissions and vulnerability to climate change?

A

Just 28 (16%), as of 2010 (Althor, et al., 2016)

36
Q

What is a major flaw with Althor, et al. (2016) analysis into climate change inequalities in terms of emissions and vulnerability?

A

Fails to look at the historical responsibility in terms of cumulative GhG emissions and creating vulnerability through colonialism

37
Q

What source has studied the epistemological flaws of climate science?

A

O’Lear, 2016

Doesn’t say science is wrong, but rather that it paints an ill-informed picture geopolitically

38
Q

What is one of the major problems with climate justice?

A
  • Hard to define boundaries

- Measures - yearly? Cumulative? Aggregate? Per Capita?

Inequality (8 decks)

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