Social influence Researchers Flashcards
Asch
Conformity in Line study
Did variations of this study: Group size, task difficulty and social support
Perrin and Spencer
Weakness of Asch’s Research - contradicting evidence
did the same experiment as Asch on engineering students and just 1 in 396 conformed can show individual differences in explanations of conformity
Zimbardo
Stanford prison experiment looking into conformity to social role in a specific environment
Reicher and Haslam
Contradicting study to Zimbardo
This was done with more tests and more objective as independent psychologist they weren’t also superintendent
They found that guards didn’t conform to social roles and become aggressive the prisoners actually rebelled against them
Milgram
Showed obedience
Also did variations of his study: Proxmity, Uniform and Location
Sheridan and King
Did Milgrams experiment with puppies who weren’t faking it and found 100% of females gave fatal shock 54% overall - support for milgram
Hoffling
Real life example of Milgram’s study, doctor on the phone and tells nurses to give a lethal dose to a patient and 21/22 did
Orne and Holland
Said pps in Milgram’s study guessed it was fake also said the uniform variation was very staged and hard to believe
Mandel
He said Milgram offers an excuse for things like the holocaust
Bickman
Tested Uniform and obedience more people listened to a security guard than a milkman supports milgrams uniform variations
Adorno
Authoritarian personality study found that out of 2000 white americans the people with an AP identified with strong people prejudice and stuck in their ways
Blass and Schmitt
Support for Agentic state
Asked students to say who was to blame for shocks in Milgram’s study and they all said experimentor
Gamson
Support for social support
Similar to milgrams they had to start a smear campaign on someone they didnt know but they were in groups for this and obedience was much less 88% rebelled
Allen and Levine
Support for social support
Support doesn’t have to be valid they found even if the support in Asch’s study was partially blind it still reduces conformity
Holland
Support for LOC
Did Milgram’s study but tested LOC before found that 37% of internal rebelled while just 23% external did
Twenge
Contradicting LOC
Did meta analysis found that Americans were becoming more external but more resistent to social influence
Moscovici
Support for minority influence particularly consistency
Showed a series of blue cards had 2 confederates who said they were green 2/3 of the time this created 8% agreement overall high as clearly blue
when they were incosistent agreement was just 1%
Wood
did meta anaylsis of 100 studies found consistency key in MI
Martin
Support for Minority influence
found minority beliefs were more deep in a debate found the minority were a lot less likely to change their beliefs
Nolan
Showed how NSI allowed for social change of reducing energy use in a community through putting messages on doors
Lucas
Showed how ISI is stronger when the task is more difficult with a study using harder maths problems
Nemeth
Said a problem with social change is that it is very delayed and gradual can only tackle one issue at a time
