Social influence (P2)

Question 1

bickman - aim

Answer 1

investigate the degree of social power the uniform has on other people

Question 2

bickman- hypothesis

Answer 2

a uniformed guard ahs more ability to influence individuals than same person in low authority uniform

Question 3

bickman (experiment 1) design

Answer 3

field experiment- new york , Brooklyn
independent measures design
opportunity sample (150 adults)
weekdays in the afternoon

Question 4

bickman-3 situtations (experiment 1)

Answer 4

picking up a bag, “i have a bad back”
dime and meter “i dnt have any change”
bus stop and no standing ““its the new law”

Question 5

bickman - 3 uniforms (experiment 1)

Answer 5

civilian
milkman
guard

Question 6

bickman- results (experiment 1)

Answer 6

guard was significantly more obeyed than the civilian or milkman
no significant difference between milkman and the civilian

Question 7

bickman (experiment 2)

Answer 7

field experiment, brookyln
48 pedestrians
dime and meter scenario

Question 8

bickman - independent variables (experiment 2)

Answer 8

two levels of authority- guard and civilian
surveillance or non surveillance
(if the confederate stood next to the experimenter when asked for a dime)

Question 9

bickman - results

experiment 2

Answer 9

surveillance had no significant effect on if they obeyed or not
guard was obeyed more

Question 10

Bickman (experiment 3a) method

Answer 10

140 students
questionnaire
29 different scenarios, if requests from a guard, milkman or civilian were perceived as legitimate

Question 11

Bickman (experiment 3a) results

Answer 11

guard was not perceived as more legitimate

Question 12

Bickman (experiment 3b)

Answer 12

180 college students

asked to predict what they and other people would do in on of the scenarios in experiment 1

Question 13

Bickman (experiment 3b)- results

Answer 13

didn’t think the guard would have more social power

Question 14

Bickman - conclusions

Answer 14

wearing a uniform gives more power and influence
higher status=more power
how people think they will behave is not a good predictor of real behavior

Question 15

Bickman - criticisms

Answer 15

opportunity sampling - unknown factors that influenced behavior
culturally biased- not generalizable #
unethical- participants could not give their consent
field experiment- little control over extraneous variables

Question 16

define dispositional

Answer 16

how our own personality can affect whether or not we will obey or conform

Question 17

self esteem on conformity

Answer 17

how we perceive ourselves

low self esteem = more likely to conform due to a lack of belief in own ability

Question 18

kurosawa

Answer 18

recreation of asch line study

high pressure AND low self esteem = more likely to conform

Question 19

informational conformity and self esteem

Answer 19

explained by self esteem

unsure of their ability to respond and behave in a ‘correct manner’ will look to others and imitate behavior

Question 20

locus of control

Answer 20

external-believe they have very little or no control+ no option to obey
internal- believe they have the ability to control their decisions and own lives
more confident and motivated

Question 21

crowd situations with a internal locus

Answer 21

are less likely to be influenced by how the crowd is behaving
take apart in protests- believe that have influence to change

Question 22

kohlberg stufy- effect of morality

Answer 22

logitudinal study 12 years

a group of boys, how their moral thinking changed and developed

Question 23

kohlberg level 1

Answer 23

pre- conventional
children are focused on consequences and being punished
action is based on if its beneficial to individual

Question 24

kohlberg level 2

Answer 24

conventional
pleasing and getting approval from other people
based on obeying authority

Question 25

kohlberg level 3

Answer 25

post conventional
defined by what has been aggreged upon by society- lawful behavior
based on more abstract ideas of justice and what is ethical

Question 26

influence of the brain on dispositional factors

Answer 26

• positive correlation between self esteem and grey matter in hippocampus (emotion and ability to control stress)
• damage to the prefrontal cortex and faulty moral reasoning

Question 27

criticism of dispositional factors

Answer 27

focus too much on the individual , generalising is difficult
reductionist
locus of control depends on situation - doesn’t explore this

Question 28

define situational factors

Answer 28

how external factors influence our behaviour

Question 29

two types of majority influence

Answer 29

normative and informational

Question 30

normative conformity

Answer 30

go along with the group norm
change behaviour to be liked
doesn’t internalise opinion
ensures ensures society generally functions successfully

Question 31

Asch study

Answer 31

what line was longer ?
confederates said the wrong answer
one confederate who didn’t agree with the group was enough to reduce the rates of conformity

Question 32

informational conformity

Answer 32

because they are unsure of the answer
internalise their response
to be perceived as correct

Question 33

in group

Answer 33

some on who is apart of your group

same class, team , interests

Question 34

out group

Answer 34

not in your group

Question 35

deindividuation

Answer 35

explanation for why behave differently in crowds
lose their sense of individuality and feel more anonymous
feel less accountable for action and assume their will be no negative consequences

Question 36

collectivist culture

Answer 36

needs of group are more important than individual needs

expect to help out

Question 37

individualist culture

Answer 37

needs of individual are more important than the needs of the group
competitive and work hard
they do house work for a rewards

Question 38

altruism

Answer 38

helping others without expecting rewards

Question 39

autonomous state

Answer 39

when the individual fells responsible for their own actions

Question 40

agentic state

Answer 40

does not feel responsible because they were acting under orders from an authority figure

Question 41

criticism of situational factors

Answer 41

suggest behaviour is determined, free will?
not everyone conforms in the same way
reductionist, individual differences