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psychology > Memory (P2) > Flashcards

Memory (P2) Flashcards

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1
Q

information processing stages

A 
input (senses)
encoded- convert information into a form we understand 
storage- stored for a later date
retrieval-memories are recalled 
output-information from memory is used
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2
Q

types of forgetting

A

decay
displacement
retrieval failure

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3
Q

decay

A

happens over time

not rehearsing or recalling memories

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4
Q

displacement

A

one memory displaces another

STM

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5
Q

retrieval failure

A

stored but cannot be retrieved
lack of cues
context cues- tiggers to recall
state cues-mood

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6
Q

cerebellum and memories

A

movement and coordination

retrieving and performing procedural memories

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7
Q

forgetting can be caused by…

A

neurological damage , accidents

age

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8
Q

antergorgrade amnesia

A

inability to form new memories
information cannot be passed through STM and LTM
hippocampus damage

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9
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to recall past memories

damage to frontal lobe

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10
Q

multi store model of memory -SENSORY

A

stimuli enter , have to pay attention or decays

2 seconds

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11
Q

multi store model of memory -SHORT

A 
limited capacity, 7
displacement and decay occurs
30 seconds
maintenance rehearsal-repeating information 
encoding is mosty auditory
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12
Q

multi store model of memory -LONG

A

unlimited capacity and duration
encoding is semantic (meaning)
decay or retrieval failure

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13
Q

criticism of MSM

A

too simple
neuropsychology suggest there is more than one LTM store
too much importance on rehearsal versus meaning

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14
Q

structure and process of the theory of reconstructive memory

A

people reconstruct their memories based on prior experiences called schemas

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15
Q

what is a schema (Bartlett)

A 
a mental representation of an object or situation based on prior experiences 
used more = clearer memory 
recall in chronological order
access schemas that are most important 
can be reconstructed based on new info
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16
Q

role of experience and expectation on memory

A

*memories shaped by prior experiences = may not be accurate
expectations - schemas are designed to help us deal quickly with huge amount of sensory data, influence what we expect in a situation - not always correct

17
Q

confabulation

A

making up details to create a more complete memory , not done with intent

18
Q

distortion

A

memory differs from the event which took place

leading questions could influence answers

19
Q

criticism of theory of reconstructive memory

A

reductionist-how process happen ?
concept of schemas are too vague - cant be observed
very complicated -difficult to predict how people recall information

20
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - BACKGROUND

A

use autobiographical advertising to manipulate consumers to focus on feelings evoked by nostalgia
braun - might alter what consumers actually remember

21
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 1:AIM

A

to see if autobiographically focused advertising could directly affect how consumers remember a prior experience

22
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 1:METHOD

A

laboratory experiment
independent measures design
disney or control advert
100 students USA
life event questionnaire (shook hands with fav character)
questionnaire on advert
questionnaire on personal memories of Disney

23
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 1:PROCEDURE

A

tasks to minimise the risk of demand characteristics
disney or control advert and asked to visualise experiencing the situation
distraction tasks

24
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 1:RESULTS

A

65% memory was reconstructed
could imagine the experience (targeting and selling)
positive thoughts

25
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 2 :AIM

A

to see if false information in ad would make participants think those events happened

26
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 2 :PROCEDURE

A

independent measures design
167 students
fake ad with bugs bunny and Ariel
questionnaire about shaking hands (scale)

27
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 2:RESULTS

A

changed the memory
infleucen how recall their past
memory is reconstructed

28
Q

reconstructive memory , Braun et al - EXPERIMENT 2:CRITICISMS

A

age bias - students
psychological harm- unethical to change memory
lab- ecological validity - reflection to real life?

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