social influence names Flashcards

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1
Q

Asch 1951

A

36.8% out of 123 on 12 critical trials conformed
75% at least once
Reduced to 5.5% when unanimous position was broken

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2
Q

Perrin and Spencer

A

Against Asch - only 1/396 trials, engineering students

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3
Q

Lucas et al

A

Support - easy, hard maths problems, conformed more on hard

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4
Q

Deutsch and Gerard 1955

A

ISI and NSI

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5
Q

Haney, Banks and Zimbardo 1973

A

Stanford Prison Experiment to investigate siutational factors

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6
Q

Banuazizi and Mohavedi

A

Contradictory - ‘play acting’, Cool Hand Luke

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7
Q

Reicher and Haslan 2006

A

Replication of SPE broadcast on BBC TV
Opposite: prisoners disobedient and took control of the guards who struggled to take control

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8
Q

Milgram 1963

A

100% reached 300V (‘intense shock’)
65% reached 450V (‘danger - severe shock)
10% when joined by a confederate (social support)

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9
Q

Gina Perry 2013

A

Looked at all the tape recordings
Many had doubts about the truth
70% believed it was true so less demand characteristics

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10
Q

Sheridan and King

A

Replaced human confederate with puppy
Support: 77% obeyed, reduced demand characteristic

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11
Q

Bickaman

A

obedience in a natural setting: uniform
89% in police uniform
57% in milkman
35% in plain clothes

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12
Q

Hoffling et al

A

Obedience in a natural setting: legitimate authority
95% (21 out of 22) complied with Dr Smith and began administration of medication

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13
Q

Rank and Jacobson

A

Not replicated results as Hofling, very low obedience rates. However, not exactly the same variables, for example, they were with others

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14
Q

Adorno et al 1950

A

Early childhood experiences led to a psychological personality disorder (due to repressed feelings), Authoritarian personality
Those who scored high on the F scale identified with ‘strong’ people and were contemptuous of the ‘weak’ - strong positive correlation between authoritarian personality and prejudice

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15
Q

Milgram and Elms

A

Support: 20 original Ps scored significantly higher on the F-scale scores
However, many were different on closer inspection

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16
Q

Christie and Jahoda

A

Against: F-scale only measures extreme right-wing ideology: political bias

17
Q

Greenstein

A

‘a comedy of methodological errors’
- Acquiescence bias
- Social desirability bias
Interviewer bias

18
Q

Allen and Levine 1971

A

Independence increased with one supporter in an Asch-type study, even if they wore thick glasses and said they had problems with their vision
64% resisted when had good eyesight
36% resisted when had bad eyesight

19
Q

Gamson et al

A

Ps had to produce evidence to help an oil company. They were in groups - social support
88% rebelled

20
Q

Albrecht et al

A

Teen Fresh Start USA
Those with a buddy in the programme were significantly less likely to smoke than those without - practical applications

21
Q

Rotter 1966

A

Locus of control
Those with more internal LOC more likely to resist pressure
However also has little influence in familiar situations because turn to experience instead: limited range of situations

22
Q

Holland

A

Repeated Milgram’s study and measured whether Ps were internals or externals
Support - 15% more externals continued than internals to the highest shock levels

23
Q

Twenge et al

A

Meta-analysis of American obedience studies over a 40 year period
Against - People have become more resistant to obedience but also more external

24
Q

Moscovici

A

blue-green slides
Consistent minority had a greater effect on Ps than the inconsistent minority

25
Q

Nemeth

A

Flexibility

26
Q

Diane Mackie

A

Majority influence causes more deeper processing than minority if we disagree with majority

27
Q

Bashir et al

A

stereotyping undesirable
‘tree huggers’