Memory Names

Question 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968

Answer 1

The multistore model
SM, STM and LTM
Coding, capacity and duration
Internal processes: rehearsal, retrieval
Forgetting: decay, displacement, retrieval failure + interference

Question 2

Baddeley

Answer 2

Research into coding
One minute to learn the random list

Question 3

Tulving

Answer 3

MSM too simplistic

episodic (auto-biographical knowledge), semantic (encyclodpedic knowledge), procedural (muscle memory

Question 4

Clive Wearing

Answer 4

Clinical evidence
Amnesia affects episodic memories but semantic and procedural remain unaffected

Question 5

Belville

Answer 5

Practical application: treatment
Episodic memories could be improved in elderly w mild cognitive impairment

Question 6

Cohen and Squire

Answer 6

2 not 3 types of LTM
Declarative (requires conscious recall) and non-declarative (procedural, stuff you don’t have to think about)

Question 7

KF

Answer 7

MSM too simplistic regarding STM as memory for verbal info affected but not for visual

Question 8

Baddeley and Hitch 1

Answer 8

Dual method task
Could do two things at once: can be acoustic and visual, so STM must have more than one component , more involved in active processes than just storage

Question 9

Baddeley and Hitch WMM

Answer 9

Central executive
Visuo-spatial sketchpad (visual cache and inner scribe)
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop (articulatory system and phonological store)

Question 10

McGeoch and McDonald

Answer 10

The effects of similarity supporting research (types of forgetting)

Question 11

Baddeley and hitch types of forgetting

Answer 11

Research with rugby players - interference depends on how many games they had played
Carefully controlled: time is the same, but interference will be different which causes distortion

Question 12

Burke and Skrull

Answer 12

Types of forgetting
Shown real life magazine adverts
DV: recall of details, e/g brand name
Competitive interference worse when brands more similar

Question 13

Tulving & Psotka

Answer 13

Types of forgetting
Interference effects may be overcome with cues

Question 14

Godden and Baddeley

Answer 14

Theories of forgetting
Underwater study
Accuracy 40% lower in different environments

Question 15

Carter and cassaday

Answer 15

Theories of forgetting
State-dependent forgetting
100 undergrads w placebos
Those with changed states did worse than those constant

Question 16

Goodwin et al

Answer 16

Types of forgetting
Alcohol to alter state and asked Ps to perform tasks
Same idea as Carter and Cassaday (didn’t matter if they were drunk)

Question 17

Tulving theories of forgetting

Answer 17

Encoding specificity principle
Cue needs to be present at encoding and retrieval

/ supporting research
- Gives it validity
/ real life applications
- Everyday experiences, explanatory power
- Students, eyewitness accounts
X true effects of context?
- Not such a large contrast, room to room so environment not too different, compared to underwater
- Baddeley; ‘context effects aren’t very strong’
X Recall v Recognition
- Baddeley: cues only affect memory when tested in a certain way
- Recognition had higher rates than free recall; doesn’t seem to have this problem of retrieval failure
X ESP: circular reasoning
- Not falsifiable
- Not deliberately included, didn’t actually know what the context is
- No independent evidence: conclusion based off the assumption