social influence deck

Question 1

Key features of authoritarian personality

Answer 1

• rigid beliefs in traditional values
• submission to authority
• hostility to those with lower power
• general hostility and prejudice to other grps ie minorities

Question 2

Who used the F scale and when?

Answer 2

Adorno 1950

Question 3

What affects authoritarianism in childhood?

Answer 3

growing up with very harsh parents who used disciplines such as physical punishment and were part of particular social groups.

Question 4

What is right-wing authoritarianism?

Answer 4

cluster of personality variables ( conentionalism, authority submission and authoritarian aggression) associated with RW attitude to life

Question 5

Who tested relationship between RWA and obedience ? When ?

Answer 5

Robert Altemayer in 1981

Question 6

What was Robert Altemayer’s study ?

Answer 6

participants had to give themselves electric shocks when they made mistakes on a learning task

was a sig correlation between RWA levels and shock intensities participants would give themselves.

Question 7

What was Elms and Milgram’s study?

Answer 7

used same participants from Milgram’s OG electric shock experiment.

selected 20 “obedient” ps and 20 “defiant” ps from exp and measured their levels of authoritarianism using F scale.

also were asked open ended questions on their relationship with parents and their attitude to experimenter and learner

Question 8

What were the findings of Elms and Milgram’s study ?

Answer 8

higher levels of authoritarianism between participants classified as obedience.

also found that obedient participants had more neg attitudes to fathers and viewed the experimenter ( authority figure) in an admirable light.

Question 9

What study did Dambrune and Vatime carry out in 2010 ?

Answer 9

carried out electric shock experiment
in which participants were informed that in the virtual simulation participants weren’t ACC being shocked

still amongst pss tendency to respond as tho situation was real. this eliminates suspicion that considerations of shocks being fake in M’s OG exp influenced obedience levels

Question 10

Why did Milgram not think the evidence was very strong for dispositional basis of obedience ?

Answer 10

by varying his OG experiment changing proximity, location, uniform etc showed that these were the main causes of differences in obedience levels.

Question 11

How was education shown to influence obedience ?

Answer 11

• education ( lower levels) participants who had lower education tended to be more obedient. suggests that lack of education may be responsible for authoritarianism and obed

Question 12

Who discovered support for left-wing views being associated with lower obedience levels ?

Answer 12

Begue et al 2014. Fake game show where contestants gave electric shocks to other contestants.

interviews following this revealed that the more LW participants classified themselves, the lower the shock intensity they agreed to give

Question 13

Who found that social support would help to resist conformity ? How was this demonstrated

Answer 13

Asch 1956

introduction of an ally who gave the right answer resisting majority caused conformity levels to drop from 33% - 5.5%

Question 14

How did one of Milgram’s variations show that social support helped to resist obedience ?

Answer 14

particpant was one in a team of three testing a learner. the other two were confeds - refused one after other to keep shocking learner

had a liberating effect on real p - only 10% of ps now continued to max- 450V

Question 15

What does locus of control refer to ?

Answer 15

a person’s perception of personal control over their own behaviour

Question 16

What differentiates people who have a strong internal vs strong ext locus of control ?

Answer 16

• strong internal locus of control: belief that we cssn control events that happen in our life. less reliable on ops of others so easier resistance to SI
• strong ext LoC tend to believe what happens to them is determ by luck/fate. more likely to accept influence of others

Question 17

What characteristics do high internals tend to have which help them resist SI ?

Answer 17

• active seekers of info that is useful to them helps them esp resist informational SI
• Spector (1982) found that relationship exists betw locus of control and leadership style ( persuasion and goal orientated)
• better at resisting coercion. shown in simulated prison of war camp situation, internals better able to resist attempts of interrogator to gain info

Question 18

What did Allen and Levie uncover in 1969 ?

Answer 18

studied whether response position of person providing social support made any difference to p resisting majority.

found it was a lot more effective when confed gave right answer first in the group rather than just before unknowing p.

Question 19

What did Holland find in 1967 ?

Answer 19

found that participants with an internal locus of control more able to resist obed in milgramesque proced.

63% of internals obeyed to highest shock level compared to 77% of externals.

Question 20

Why was viewing internal locus of control as desirable described as ethnocentric ?

Answer 20

Dyal 1984 suggested that for certain cultures with beliefs in karm acceptance of ones’s helplessness to control life’s problems is crucial/ part of the philosophy.

Question 21

People now have a more external locus of control than they used to have

Answer 21

Twenge et al 2004 conducted meta analysis over 40 year period found that Americans have become more resistant to obedience but also more external in their locus of control

this is contradicting to concept of the more ext your LoC, the higher your display of obed behav.