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Pychology G > Social Influence : conformity > Flashcards

Social Influence : conformity Flashcards

1
Q

Conformity

A

Change in a persons behaviour / opinions as a result of pressure from a person or group

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2
Q

Internalistaion

A
  • Deep type of conformity where u accept the majority view as correct
  • Permanent change in behaviour
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3
Q

Internalistion : public or private acceptance

A

Both

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4
Q

Identification

A
  • Moderate type of conformity where you may not agree but you value the group and want to be apart of it
  • Temporary change
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5
Q

Compliance

A
  • Superficial and temporary type of conformity where you go along with the majority but privately disagree
  • Returns to normal outside of group
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6
Q

Compliance : public or private acceptance

A

Public acceptance

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7
Q

Identification : public or private acceptance

A

public acceptance or partially private

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8
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Aim

A

How social pressure from a majority could affect behaviour

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9
Q

How did Asch test conformity ?

A

Visual Perception task

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10
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Procedure

Who was asked ?

A

123 male students

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11
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Procedure

What task did he use ?

A

He used a line judgement task where 1 participant was placed with 7 confederates

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12
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Procedure

What position was the participant in ?

A

Second to last or second

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13
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Procedure

What is a critical trail + example in Aschs study

A

A critical trail is when a wrong answer is given to test the aim
-18 trails were completed and the confederates gave wrong answers for 12 trails

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14
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Findings

How many participants conformed to incorrect answers?

A

36.8%

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15
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Findings

How many conformed at least once ?

A

75%

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16
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Findings

How many participants never conformed ?

A

25%

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17
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Findings

What is a control group + example in Aschs study

A
  • a separate group

- real participant completed the experiment without confederates

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18
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Findings

Results of control group

A

less than 1% gave an incorrect answer

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19
Q

In Asch’s interview why did participants conform

A

most knew they were wrong but they wanted to fit in

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20
Q

Asch’s Original Study : Conclusions (2)

A
  • individual judgements affected by majority influence

- They conformed due to normative social influence

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21
Q

Group Size

A

Number of members

22
Q

Unanimity

A

Degree to which the group members are in agreement

23
Q

Task Difficulty

A

How obvious the correct answer is

24
Q

Group size : Manipulation in study and Impact of conformity

A
  1. added more members

2. small difference however there is no need for more than 3 confederates

25
Q

Unanimity : Manipulation in study and Impact of conformity

A
  1. introduced a confederate who disagreed
  2. conformity reduced by a quarter
  3. participant was more independent
26
Q

Task Difficulty : Manipulation in study and Impact of conformity

A
  1. made stimulus line similar to comparison line
  2. conformity rose
  3. they look to each other for confirmation
27
Q

Asch’s Original Study : good (E)

A
  • good sample size
  • control + critical trial
  • simple task
28
Q

Asch’s Original Study : bad (E)

A
  • only uses males
  • doesn’t reflect real world
  • ethically wrong as participants were deceived
29
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Two Process Model

A
  • the need to be right

- the need to be liked

30
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Informational Social Influence

A
  • People need certain information to be right

- if everyone is doing something it may be right

31
Q

Explanations of Conformity : When does ISI usually occur

A
  • new situation
  • the situation is ambiguous
  • a person is more of an expert
32
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Asch and ISI

A

as difficulty increased , conformity increased

33
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Is ISI emotional or cognitive

A

Cognitive

34
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Normative Social Influence

A
  • follow typical group behavior (social norms)

- way of being accepted and fitting in

35
Q

Explanations of Conformity : When does NSI occur ?

A
  • When you seek the approval of others

- In stressful situations

36
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Is NSI emotional or cognitive ?

A

Emotional

37
Q

Explanations of Conformity : What type of conformity is NSI associated with ?

A

Compliance

38
Q

Explanations of Conformity : What type of conformity is ISI associated with ?

A

Internalisation

39
Q

Explanations of Conformity : Asch and NSI

A
  • participants stated they just wanted to fit in ( even if answers wrong )
40
Q

Explanations of Conformity ( Evaluation ) : strengths

A
  • NSI is a valid theory through Asch’s experiment

- ISI supported through Asch’s experiment and Lucas et al (maths problems)

41
Q

Explanations of Conformity ( Evaluation ) : Limitations

A
  • There’s individual differences to explain why people conform.Need to be liked undermines conformity and this varies in different individuals
  • evidence to suggest that NSI and ISI actually work together.e.g conformity reduced when a disagreeing dissenter is involved but this may be due to NSI (social support) or ISI (alternative source of info).ISI and NSI may not be two processes operating independently but together
42
Q

What are Social Roles ?

A

Parts people play as members of various social groups

- accompanied by expectations that we have of appropriate behaviours

43
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Aim

A
  • investigate how readily people would conform to social roles
  • if behaviour was use to internal dispositional factors (people) or external situational factors (environment / conditions)
44
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Procedure

A
  1. basement and university into mock prison
  2. advertised for 21 male students
  3. random=coin flipped to assign role of guard or prisoner
  4. guards worked 8 hour shifts - no physical violence
  5. zimbardo played a double role - researcher and guard
45
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Procedure (guards)

A
  • khaki uniform
  • whistles
  • handcuffs
  • dark glasses
46
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Procedure (prisoners)

A
  • blindfolded
  • stripped
  • dress uniform
  • numbered
47
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Findings

A
  • after a rebellion guards and prisoners settled
  • some guards = sadistic , abusive so psychological/physical threat to prisoners
  • prisoners = adapt prisoner like behaviours , followed rules
  • prisoners became submissive = guards become aggressive
  • study stopped after 6 days instead of 14
48
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Conclusions

A
  • people conform quickly to social roles

- situational factors were responsible as none of them demonstrated this behaviour previously

49
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Strengths (evaluation)

A
  • internal validity = zimbardo had some control over variables so participants were similar (all emotionally stable to rule out individual differences)
  • applicability = real world applications ( Abu Ghraib )
50
Q

Zimbardo’s study : Weaknesses ( evaluation )

A
  • ethically wrong as participants were under psychological and physical harm.Zimbardo’s double role meant he replied to a participant as a superintendent would not a researcher with responsibilities
  • guards may have been play acting based on stereotypes (banuazizi and Mohavedi) they acted ike what guards act like (their assumptions).Similarly prisoners rioted and talked about prison life based on assumptions.Lacks realism

Pychology G (7 decks)

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