social influence

Question 1

Research support for ISI

Answer 1

Lucas et al (2006) asked students to give answers to mathematical problems that were easy or more difficult. More conformity to incorrect maths answers when they were difficult as predicted by ISI

Question 2

Individual differences in NCI

Answer 2

people are are less concerned at being liked are less affected by NSI than others who care more about being liked such people are described as NAffiliations

Question 3

McGhee and teevan (1967)

Answer 3

Found that students high in need for affiliation were more likely to conform

Question 4

Asch;1951

Answer 4

Tested conformity by showing participants two large white cards at a time

Question 5

Procedure for asch study

Answer 5

• on one card was a “standard line” and one the other were comparison lines
• one of the three lines was the same length as the standard and the other two were always substantially different
• confederates deliberately gave wrong answers to see if participants would conform

Question 6

How many participants too past in asch’s study

Answer 6

123 make undergraduates

Question 7

How was each participant tested

Answer 7

Individually with a group of between six and eight confederates

Question 8

How many trials did each participant take part in

Answer 8

18 trials and 12 critical trials

Question 9

social groups

Answer 9

A social group is a group of two or more people who interact together, share things in common, and share a common identity.

Question 10

what is social role

Answer 10

A social role is the behaviours and beliefs that are expected of a person with a particular position in a social group.

Question 11

what is a social norm

Answer 11

Social norms are the unwritten rules for how members of a social group are expected to behave.

Question 12

what type of experiment did Zimbardo conduct

Answer 12

Zimbardo conducted a controlled observation of his participants and an overt observation

Question 13

the results of Zimbardo’s experiment

Answer 13

The prisoners started a rebellion causing the guards to treat them brutally
Normal men’s behaviour changed completely when their situation and social role changed dramatically

Question 14

what did Zimbardo conclude about prison violence

Answer 14

people were conforming via identification

Question 15

criticisms for Zimbardo’s experimental design

Answer 15

• Zimbardo’s study may not be generalisable because he mainly recruited men.
• Zimbardo may have influenced the results of the study due to investigator effects.
• Zimbardo’s study may have lacked ecological validity because it was not realistic.

Question 16

why might Zimbardo’s study be considered unethical

Answer 16

people claimed that the participants were not protected from psychological harm - some participants were so upset they had breakdowns.

people claimed that the participants could not give informed consent because although they signed up for the study, they were not informed that they would be put through such a traumatic experience.

Question 17

what were Zimbardo’s responses to the criticisms he faced.

Answer 17

• He claimed his study was generalisable because the results could explain real-world violence
• He claimed his study was not unethical because participants were screened to ensure they were psychologically healthy
• He claimed his study had ecological validity because participants did act as if it was real - they became distressed and 90% of conversations were about prison life

Question 18

what explanation of conformity is compliance explained with

Answer 18

normative social influence

Question 19

what explanation of conformity is internalisation explained with

Answer 19

informational social influence

Question 20

Under what circumstances do both normative social influence and informational social influence explain why someone would conform?

Answer 20

high uncertainty

high social pressure

Question 21

what was the aim of Asch’s study

Answer 21

His aim was to investigate whether people would conform to an obviously incorrect majority.

Question 22

how many times was the answer wrong

Answer 22

12/18 trials

Question 23

what were participants asked to do in Milgram’s study

Answer 23

His aim was to investigate whether people would conform to an obviously incorrect majority.

Question 24

how many participants conformed to the answer given by the confederates on at least one trial.

Answer 24

75%

Question 25

what was the overall conformity rate of Asch’s study

Answer 25

32%

Question 26

what type of conformity was Asch’s study

Answer 26

compliance

Question 27

how did Asch remove unanimity in his study

Answer 27

by getting confederates to disagree with each other

Question 28

what did Asch find when one confederate disagreed with the group

Answer 28

He found that when one confederate disagreed with the majority, the conformity rate of the real participants dropped to 5.5% .

Question 29

how did Asch change task difficulty

Answer 29

by making the lines more similar to each other. the increased conformity

Question 30

what is conformity

Answer 30

Conformity is when a person’s public or private attitudes are influenced by the majority.

Question 31

what are the three variables that can affect conformity

Answer 31

group size
dissenter
task difficulty