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Psychology > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

1
Q

What is conformity?

A
  • group pressure causes a change in behaviour
  • majority influence
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2
Q

What are the three types of conformity?

A
  • compliance
  • identification
  • internalisation
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3
Q

What groups can influence behaviour?

A
  • membership group
  • reference group
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4
Q

what is internalisation?

A
  • conforming to the group because you accept its norms
  • you agree publically as well as privately
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5
Q

What is identification?

A
  • Conforming to a group because we value it
  • prepared to change views to be accepted by it
  • conforming to a social role
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6
Q

What is compliance?

A
  • superficial agreeance with the group
  • going along with it publically but holding a view in private
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7
Q

what is normative social influence?

A
  • a need for acceptance and to be liked or to be part of a group
  • you agree publicly but maintain your own beliefs in private
  • leads to compliance
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8
Q

what is informational social influence?

A
  • a need for certainty and to be correct in a situation - often ambiguous situations.
  • you look to guide your opinion/behaviour and both publicly and privately agree
  • often leads to internalisation
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9
Q

what did jenness demonstrate?

A
  • when we are unsure of how to behave we look to others for information - especially in ambiguous situations
  • jenness demonstrated support for informational social influence as an explanation for conformity.
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10
Q

what did asch demonstrate?

A
  • people conform to others even though they are clearly wrong
  • people fear standing out and being ridiculed.
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11
Q

what are situational factors?

A

influences external to the person which can be controlled

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12
Q

what are dispositional factors?

A

influences internal to the person which cannot be controlled.

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13
Q

what was the aim of aschs study?

A

to investigate how people respond to group pressure in an unambiguous situation to see if even then people are influenced by what others think

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14
Q

what was the method of aschs study?

A
  • 123 male american psych students
  • groups of 5-7 confederates
  • semi circle formations around a table with naive pp near the end
  • shown two large cards one with a standard line and one with three comparison lines
  • 18 trials - first 6 confederates gave the correct answer
  • 12 critical trials the confederates purposely chose the wrong answer
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15
Q

what was the results of aschs study?

A

32% conformed in the critical trials
0.04% conformed in the control trials
75% pp conformed at least once

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16
Q

what was the conclusions of aschs study?

A
  • people are influenced by group pressure even in an unambigous task
  • high levels of independence where shown
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17
Q

what was jenness research into isi?

A
  • Participants had to make individual, private judgements of the number of jellybeans in a jar
  • Participants then had time to discuss their estimates in a group, and discovered their estimates were very varied
  • Participants then had to make another private estimate
  • Jenness found that individuals second estimate tended to move towards the group estimate
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18
Q

what is a strength of aschs study?

A
  • highly reliable
  • lab setting - confounding variables had little effect on results so results produced where consistent
  • standardised procedures - replication produced the same results
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19
Q

what is a weakness of aschs study?

A
  • low ecological validity
  • atificial task
  • androcentric
  • cant be genralised to the whole target population
20
Q

how did group size effect conformtiy?

A
  • highest conformity in group of three
  • adding anymore made little difference
21
Q

how did task difficulty effect conformtiy?

A
  • making answer more ambiguous increased levels of conformity
  • pp with high self efficacy less likely to conform
  • isi
22
Q

how did anonymity effect conformtiy?

A
  • when pp wrote answer down less conformity
  • no fear of judgement or ridicule
23
Q

how did unanimity effect conformtiy?

A
  • if another confederate disagreed with the group conformtiy dropped
  • gives pp more confidence
  • less fear of judgemnt or ridicule
24
Q

how did culture affect conformity?

A
  • confromoty greater in colectivist cultures like japan than induvidualost cultures like america
25
Q

what is a social role?

A

the parts individuals play as part as a social group to meet expectations of the situation

26
Q

what are examples of social roles?

A
  • teacher
  • police officer
  • politicion
27
Q

what was the aim of zimbardos prison study?

A

aimed to investigate how easily people can conform to social roles in a fake priosn environment

28
Q

what was the method of zimbardos prison study?

A
  • 21 male american students found through news paper ad
  • arrested from homes - given unifrom and reffered to by number
  • guards where told no violence and where given a unifrom sunglasses a club and handcuffs
    • zimbardo played role of prison super intedant
  • each pp tested for mental health issues or criminal record
29
Q

what was the results of zimbardos prison study?

A
  • guards harrassed prisoners constantly
  • prosoners rebelled- barricading inside prison cells and hunger strike
  • ended after 5 days
30
Q

what was the conclusion of zimbardos prison study?

A
  • conformity to social roles was an automatic process
31
Q

what is a weakness of zimbardos prison study?

A
  • not genralisbale - only american males of college age from same area
  • not reflect whole target population
  • pp collected from advert may have one personality type
32
Q

what is a strength of zimbardos prison study?

A
  • highly applicable
  • led to prison reforms
  • better training for guards
  • more rules and regulations within psyhcology
  • less police brutality
33
Q

what was riecher and haslams findings?

A
  • replication of zimbardos prison study
  • pp didnt conform naturally
  • guards didnt identify with the role and chose not to implicate authority
  • prisoners odentified as a group and a prison break led to the regime collapsing on day 6
  • a self governing commune later collapsed as some had more pwoer than others
  • a conspiracy to install a new prisoner guard scheme occured but the experiment was stopped before it could occur
34
Q

what is obedience?

A

when someone acrs in reposnse to a direct order form an authority figure however they may disagree with the order privatley

35
Q

where cna obedience be seen in the real world?

A
  • holocaust
    -vietnam
  • bosnian war
36
Q

what method did milgram use?

A
  • controlled observation
37
Q

what was the aim of milgrams study?

A

to investigate whether in certain circumstances a normal person would give somebody a potentially lethal electric shock if told to do so by an authority figure

38
Q

what was the method of milgrams study?

A
  • 40 volunteers through newspaper ad
  • paid 4.50 where paired with a stooge learner mr wallace who they where told had a hert condition
  • leaner strapped to chair and given increasing electric shocks if they failed the memory task howeveer the shcoks wherent real
  • volts ranged from 15 -450
  • at 300 the leaner banged on wall and didnt answer the next question
39
Q

what was the results of milgrams study?

A
  • no ppp stopped below 300 volts
  • 65% went on to 450 voltsn
  • observations indicated pp showed signs of extreme rension with some have sesiours
40
Q

what was the cinclusions of milgrams study?

A
  • obedience had little to do with dispotion and situational factors made it difficult to obey
  • found 13 factors which influence obedience
41
Q

what is a strength of milgrams study?

A
  • similar resutls found in other studies like one conducted on a tv show where 80 % of pp went on to full dosage to unconsious pp
42
Q

what is a weakness of milgrams study?

A
  • pp experienced extreme stress
  • debreifed but thoguh the deception would give psychologists a bad reputation
43
Q

what factors influenced obedience

A

-techer + leaner in same room
- teacher forces hand of leaner onto shock plate
- teacher and experimenter in same room
- change in location
- unifrom
- a secind teacher brought in to shock leaner
- a second teacger refuses to shock leaner

44
Q

what is agency theory?

A
  • in cases of obedience to destructive authority pp beleve they are acting on behalf of sm else and are not responsible
  • this is the agentic state
  • most of the time we are in an autonomous state where we have fre will
  • when people are in the prescence of a percieved authority figure they undergo the agentic shift
  • binding fators allpow us to block moral strain
45
Q

what is legitimacy of authority?

A
  • those at the top of percieved socail heirachy we percieve there authoriy as legitimate
    • we know thye have power to punish us so we are willing to give up independence and trudt them
46
Q
A

Psychology (4 decks)

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