Social Influence Flashcards
What is obedience?
It is a form of social influence where an individual responds to a direct order, usually from an authority figure
What are the three factors that influence obedience?
- Proximity to the authority figure
- prestige of the authority figure
- deindividuation
- What is an experimental investigation?
- What has it been used for?
- An experiment that involves manipulating variables to determine the cause and effect
- to study obedience
How does experimental investigations differ from other investigations?
- applicability
- methodology
- one group that is not changed
Advantages and disadvantages of experimental investigations
Advantages:
can be replicated/repeated to see if the same findings emerge - maximizes control over relevant variables - demonstrates cause and effect relationships
Disadvantages:
generalizability outside the lab - feasibility to conduct experiment - ethical issues
Milgram and Zimbardo’s experiment on obedience were landmark experiments because they:
1 provide important insight into the human behavior
2. are heavily criticized for ethical reasons
What is conformity?
- one form of social influence where individuals yield to group pressures
- can be defined as a ‘change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure’
What is conformity affected by?
- normative social influence
- informational social influence
- individual characteristics
What are the three types of conformity?
- Compliance
- internalization
- Identification
Difference between obedience, compliance and conformity
Obedience: performing an action under words of authority - power
Compliance: changing actions at a request - does not rely on power
Conformity: changing actions to go with others - indirect influence
What is an observational research?
- a research technique where you observe participants and phenomena in their most natural settings.
What is:
1. normative social influence
2. informational social influence
3. individual characteristics
- changing to fit into a group of people - (compliance and identification)
- person conform to gain knowledge - (internalization)
- what makes up someone, position in group, unfamiliarity to situation
What is:
1. Compliance
2. Identification
3. internalization
- Change in public behavior, no change in private behavior - short term
- Change in public behavior, change in private behavior (only in the presence of majority) - short term
- Change in public behavior, change in private behavior - long term
advantages and disadvantages of observational research?
Advantages: can explore topics are too unethical, costly, impractical or impossible to experiment
Disadvantages: lack of control in planning leads to an inability to create constant variable, limited ability to explore causation and confidently conclude that a change in the IV causes
Observational research and minority groups
- minority communities can be subject to ethnocentric bias when an investigator collects data by observation and disadvantages
- ethnocentric biases may have social, cultural, and/or ethical impacts on Australian Aboriginal people
Different types of observational design types
- Longitudinal design
- Cross-sectional studies
- Naturalist observation
(there is more but these are the ones to remember)
What is persuasion?
the art of convincing others to change their attitudes or behaviors
What are the three approaches of persuasion?
- Yale attitude change approach
- Elaboration likelihood model
- Experience
What are the three components that make up the Yale attitude change approach?
- Source: person who conveys message (e.g., attractive),
- message: needs to evoke strong emotions or processing in the audience (e.g., statistics),
- audience: features of the audience (e.g., age, gender).