Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Stage 2 Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

Stage 2 Psychology Revision

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is compliance?

A

Compliance is when we publicly change our beliefs to be more the the majority, but not our private beliefs. It is a short term change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is obedience?

A

Obedience is a form of social influence that involves performing an action under the direct orders of an authority figure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is conformity?

A

Conformity is a form of social influence where individuals yield to social pressures. Can also be defined as ‘ a change in behaviour or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressures’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 factors that influence obedience?

A

-Proximity to an authority figure (e.g. only doing the dishwasher if the dad is home)
-Prestige of the authority figure (e.g. obeying the orders of individuals with money/ people of higher social levels)
-Deindividuation : Losing one’s sense of self, acting as part of a group and not as an individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of a study that has been used to investigate why humans behave differently in the presence of an authority figure? (OBEDIENCE)

A

The Milgram Experiments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Milgram conclude from his experiment on obedience?

A

That individuals tend to obey orders, even if it goes against their morals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are situational factors?

A

Elements in the environment that can influence behaviour. These include work, school, and the people around you.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of ethical issues with Milgram’s research?

A

-Psychological harm and distress.
-Right to withdraw.
-Deception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of conformity?

A

Compliance, identification, and internalisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two explanations as to why people conform?

A

Normative social influence, and Informational social influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is internalisation?

A

Internalisation is when a person changes their public behaviour to match those of the group. Others have convinced these individuals that their beliefs are right, so their behaviour adjusts accordingly to match these beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is identification?

A

Identification is when we take on the views of individuals or groups we admire. It is a change in public behaviour, and their private beliefs (But only in the presence of the majority influence). It is a short-term form of conformity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What individual characteristics can impact conformity?

A

Personal characteristics, personality traits, and cultural factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

An unpleasant feeling of anxiety created by simultaneously holding two contradictory ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are dispositional factors?

A

Internal factors including personal qualities that we have little control over. These may include, genetics, personality traits, intelligence, and levels of self-esteem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is normative social influence?

A

When a person conforms to be accepted, or to belong to a group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What types of conformity are normally associated with normative social influence?

A

Compliance and identification, as they are short-term and usually a result of a desire to “fit in”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is informational social influence?

A

Informational social influence is when a person conforms to gain knowledge, or because they believe that someone else is ‘right’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of conformity is informational social influence usually associated with?

A

Internalisation, as it is a result of individuals changing their public behaviour and private beliefs on a long-term basis, as they genuinely believe that their beliefs are ‘right’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What individual characteristics can influence conformity?

A

Personal characteristics, personality traits, and cultural factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an attitude?

A

An attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviours toward a particular object, person, issue or event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Persuasion is the art of convincing others to change their attitudes or behaviours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the components that make up attitudes?

A

The ABC’s of attitudes. Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the affective component of attitudes?

A

The affective component refers to the emotional reactions or feelings an individual has towards something.

It is based on judgement, therefore resulting in a positive emotion, negative emotion or a neutral response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an ambivalent response?

A

An ambivalent response occurs when you have both positive, and negative feelings towards something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the behavioural component of attitudes entail?

A

The behavioural component refers to the actions or behaviours we have in response to the same event, issue, person … etc.. as the affective/ cognitive component.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the cognitive component of attitudes?

A

The cognitive component refers to the thoughts and beliefs we have about the topic. Our beliefs are linked to what we have learned about the world, and people we meet. They form a part of our general knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are attitudes affected by?

A

External factors associated with persuasion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are 3 theories that have been proposed to explain how persuasion occurs?

A

The Yale attitude change approach, the Elaboration Likelihood Model, and Experience.

30
Q

What are the components of the Yale attitude change approach?

A

The source of the message, the content of the message and the characteristics of the audience (Who, says what to who).

31
Q

In the Yale attitude approach, what is the source of the message?

A

The source of the message is the person who conveys it. They must be credible etc…

32
Q

Why do older generations have more conservative views?

A

As they are more likely to have formed attitudes through direct experience, which is harder to change.

33
Q

Why do younger generations have less conservative views?

A

As they form attitudes based on indirect experience, therefore it is easier to change.

34
Q

What are the two main routes in the elaboration likelihood model?

A

The central route and the peripheral route.

35
Q

How does the central route in the elaboration likelihood model persuade audiences?

A

It is about making the audience think clearly about the message to evaluate information. It is logic driven, and uses data and facts to convince people of the persuasive message.

36
Q

What type of audience is the central route effective for?

A

Analytical audiences, who are willing to engage in processing the information.

37
Q

How does the peripheral route persuade audiences?

A

Instead of focusing on the facts and the products quality, the peripheral route relies on association with positive characteristics, such as positive emotions, and celebrity endorsement, or images of beauty and pleasure.

38
Q

What type of audience is often targeted by the peripheral route?

A

Audiences who are young, or who have a low self-esteem. These individuals do not have to be analytical, or motivated to provess the message, as the perhiperal route relys on peripheral “cues” for persuasion, that requires little thinking, or processing.

39
Q

How are children targeted by the peripheral route?

A

With colours, cartoons and jingles.

40
Q

Is the peripheral route or the central route more effective in the long-term?

A

Over a long period of time, the central route is more likely to have a lasting effect upon a person’s attitudes as the person has time to process the cues more clearly.

41
Q

What is direct experience?

A

Direct experience is when attitudes are formed as you have experienced something for yourself.

42
Q

What is indirect experience?

A

Indirect experience involves being exposed to a topic, event, issue, person or object, which forms an attitude in a way that is less personal.

43
Q

Is indirect experience, or direct experience more susceptible to change?

A

Indirect experience is more suseptible to change, as it is less emotionally intense and does not evoke the same levels of thinking or talking that attitudes formed through direct experience do.

44
Q

What is the foot in the door persuasion technique?

A

The foot in the door persuasion technique starts with a small request, only to later request a larger favour. This technique is linked to compliance, as because you have complied with the initial request, you are more likely to respond positively to the additional request or suggestion to continue purchasing more items.

45
Q

What persuasion techniques affect attitudes?

A

Foot in the door, Door in the face, and the norm of reciprocity.

46
Q

What is the door in the face persuasion technique?

A

This begins with an initial large request, that must be rejected by the target person, and then that target person must be persuaded to believe they are making a concession or reducing their expectations.

47
Q

How can attitudes influence the consistency of a behaviour?

A

Through attitude strength, attitude accessibility, and attitude specificity.

48
Q

What is attitude strength?

A

Strong attitudes are those that are firmly held, and that highly influence behaviour.

49
Q

What is attitude accessibility?

A

The accessibility of an attitude refers to the ease with which it comes to mind. In general, highly accessible attitudes tend to be stronger.

50
Q

What is attitude specificity?

A

We can increase the chances that an attitude will lead to a consistent behaviour by ensuring that the attitude is more specific than general.

51
Q

How can behaviour influence attitude?

A

Through engaging in a behaviour, our thoughts and feelings about the behaviour are likely to change.

51
Q

What is the bi-directional relationship between attitudes and behaviour?

A

Attitudes can influence behaviour, and behaviour can influence attitudes.

52
Q

What is self-perception?

A

Self-perception occurs when we use our own behaviour as a guide to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings. When individuals are unsure about their own attitudes, one way to infer them is by looking at their behaviours.

53
Q

What affective and cognitive components of attitude can influence behaviour?

A

Cognitive dissonance and self-perception.

54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

A specific belief or assumption about an individual based solely on their membership in a group, and regardless of their individual characteristics.

57
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

A specific belief or assumption about an individual based solely on their membership in a group, and regardless of their individual characteristics.

58
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A negative attitude toward an individual, based solely on their membership in a group

59
Q

What is discrimination?

A

When people act upon their prejudicial attitude toward a group of people.

60
Q

Why are people prejudiced?

A

Can be due to unintentional biases; conformational bias, attribution bias, gender bias, and conformity bias.
Can also be due to direct experience, or learning.

61
Q

What does the social learning theory suggest?

A

That prejudice is learnt in the same way that other attitudes are formed. This is through association, reinforcement and modelling.

62
Q

What are the forms of discrimination?

A

Reluctance to help.
Tokenism.
Reverse discrimination.

63
Q

What are the forms of discrimination?

A

Reluctance to help.
Tokenism.
Reverse discrimination.

64
Q

What are strategies for reducing prejudice?

A

Education.
Inter group contact.
Superordinate goals.
Direct experience.

65
Q

What are the effects of prejudice?

A

Social stigma, internalised stigma, and stereotype threat.

66
Q

What is self-presentation or impression management?

A

Refers to how people attempt to present themselves to control, or shape how others view them.

It involves expressing oneself and behaving in ways that create a desired impression.

67
Q

What are the three important functions of impression management?

A
  1. Helps facilitate social interactions.
  2. Enables individuals to attain material and social rewards.
  3. Helps people privately construct desired identities.
68
Q

What is self concept?

A

Self concept refers to one’s private sense of self who they are, and what makes them so.

It helps build identify whilst social identity is linked to the perception or belief of how others see us.

69
Q

What is self concept made up of?

A

Three components.
Ideal self - who you want to be.
Self -image - how you see yourself.
Self-worth - how much you like, accept or value yourself.

70
Q

What is validation?

A

External validation comes from the amount of positive interaction gained, which reinforces approval of the images shared, which aligns with the individuals self-presentation and self-concept, further enhancing self-esteem.

Stage 2 Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions