Social Influence Flashcards
What factors influence obedience
proximity to the authority figure, prestige of the authority figure and deindividuation
What is obedience
Obedience is a form of social influence where an individual responds to a direct order, usually from an authority figure. It involves performing an action under the orders of an authority figure and it requires direct requests and punishments and consequences
How does proximity to the authority figure influence obedience
Proximity to the authority figure is how close the authority figure is in distance or relationship to the individual. It is easier to resist the orders from an authority figure if they are not too close by or close in relation as the individual feels the punishment and consequences will not be as severe
How does prestige of the authority figure influence obedience
The prestige of the authority figure is how well known they are in the community. Higher levels of perceived are associated with an increase obedience due to the admiration and respect they have.
How does deindividuation influence obedience
Deindividuation is losing individuality and the ability to think and make decisions. This causes people to go along with the group behaviour.
What is an Experimental investigation
It is an investigation where the experimenter can manipulate an independent variable to observe the changes in the dependent variable by testing the cause and effect relationship
what are the advantages and disadvantages of experimental investigations
Advantages - demonstrates a cause of relationship, method can be replicated/repeated to see if the same findings emerge and it maximises control over relevant variables, therefore minimising the effect of extraneous variables
Disadvantages - Generalizability outside the controlled environment, some complex phenomena cannot be readily tested using pure experimental methods and ethical issues that present challenges for testing some naturally occurring phenomena
What is conformity
is a form of social influence where individuals yield to group pressures so they become consistent with the opinions, judgements or actions of other people and the normative standards of a social group or situation. It involves changing behaviour at the request on another and does not rely on power dynamics.
What is conformity affected by
normative social influence, informational social influence, individual characteristics
How does normative social influence affect conformity
Normative social influence is when a person conforms to be accepted or belong to a group. There are 2 types of NSI - compliance and identification.
Compliance - is when people change their public behaviour but not their private beliefs
Identification - is when people change their public behaviour and their private beliefs
NSI is a short term solution due to the desire to fit in.
How does informational social influence affect conformity
Informational social influence is when a person conforms to gain knowledge, or because they belief someone else is ‘right’
This is when a person changes their public behaviour and private beliefs on a long term basis.
How do individual characteristics affect conformity
personal characteristics such as motivation to achieve and strong leadership abilities are linked to a decrease in the tendency to conform. Where people with lower self-esteem are more likely to conform as they feel as if they are being accepted by others.
What are the three types of conformity
Compliance, Internalisation and identification
Explain what compliance is in regard to conformity
Compliance is publicly changing behaviour to be more like the majority but not changing beliefs or actions privately. It is a short term change
Explain what internalisation is in regard to conformity
Internalisation is changing public behaviour and private beliefs to match those of a group as they are convinced that another person’s beliefs are right so behaviour adjust to match those beliefs accordingly. It is a long term change
Explain what identification is in regard to conformity
Identification is taking on the views of individuals or groups admired. It involves changing public behaviour and private beliefs but only in the presence of that group. As it is only in the presence of that group it is a short term change
What is ethnocentric bias
it is a form of bias where individuals believe their own culture with all its values, practices and beliefs is superior
What are minority communities subject to and how
a minority community is an ethic, religious or linguistic is any group of people which constitutes less than half of the population in the entire territory of a state. These groups often face discrimination in social life, including housing, employment, healthcare and education due being subjected to ethnocentric bias
Describe the social impact on Australian Aboriginal People
Describe the cultural impact on Australian Aboriginal people
Describe the ethical impact on Australian Aboriginal people
define attitude
refers to a set of emotions, beliefs and behaviours towards a particular object, person, issue or event that is assumed to be derived from specific beliefs, emotions and past behaviours associated with those objects. They can range from negative to positive.
define persuasion
the art of convincing others to change their attitudes or behaviours. It is an active attempt by one person to change another person’s attitudes, beliefs or emotions associated with an issue, person, concept or object.
what is the relationship between attitudes and persuasion
A source of persuasion can influence an attitude
what factors influence attitude formation and attitude change
affective component, behavioural component and cognitive components affect attitude.
- Affective component: is the emotional reactions or feelings a person has towards something, this can be an object, person, event or issue. It can be positive judgement, negative judgement or ambivalent (neutral)
- Behavioural component: refers to the actions or behaviours people do in response to the same object, person, event or issue.
- Cognitive component: refers to the thoughts or beliefs people have about the object, person, event or issue.
Describe how the source affect the persuasion process (YALE ATTITUDE CHANGE APPROACH)
the source refers to the person who conveys the message. The more favourably the source is viewed the more likely the message will be viewed favourably. This is determined by the credibility, trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness and likeability of the source, and also talking quickly increases trustworthiness (as seen to know topic).
Describe how the message affect the persuasion process (YALE ATTITUDE CHANGE APPROACH)
Message refers to the need to evoke strong emotions or strong processing in the audience. This can include statitics or a story to arouse emotions. Positive and negative emotions are effective and repetition of the message.
Describe how audience affect the persuasion process (YALE ATTITUDE CHANGE APPROACH)
Audience refers to the feature of an audience that effect how easy it is to persuade attitude change. In order to be persuaded, the audience must be paying attention thus the source and message must be appropriate to the audience.
Describe how the peripheral processing route affects the persuasion process
The peripheral processing route requires little processing or thinking by the audience, therefore it relies on association with positive characteristics and a target audience that is young or has low selfesteem and does not need to be analytical or motivated to process message.
Describe how the central processing route affects the persuasion process
The central route of persuasion is logic driven and uses data and facts in the message to convince people of the persuasive message. It inolves making the audience think carefully about the message to evaluate the information and works best when the audience is analytical and willing to engage in processing. The people need a message that is credible, presented clearly and backed up by evidence as inorder for this to be effective in changing attitudes the argument must be strong.
Describe how the direct experience affect the persuasion process
Direct experiences refers to the personal experiences one has that causes attitudes to be formed and changed.
Describe how the indirect experience affect the persuasion process
indirect experiences refers to being exposed to a topic, event, issue or object through another medium that influences attitudes to be formed and changed. Attitudes, however, formed this way are more susceptible to change as the individual emotions are less intense and do not evoke the same levels of thinking or talking attitudes formed through direct experiences do.
How is the detection of persuasion tactics facilitated by an understanding of persuasion strategies.
understanding of persuasion strategies equips individuals with the tools to detect and critically analyze persuasion tactics, enabling them to navigate persuasive messages more effectively and resist manipulation.
How is the resistant to persuasion tactics facilitated by an understanding of persuasion strategies.
an understanding of persuasion strategies fosters critical thinking, emotional awareness, and self-confidence, all of which contribute to a stronger resistance to persuasion tactics. This equips individuals to navigate persuasive situations effectively and maintain their autonomy in decision-making.
How does the norm of reciprocity aim to persuade
the norm of reciprocity is based on the social norm that people will return a favour when one is granted to them, it is linked to the psychology of compliance and is more likely to occur when the requester has previously complied with one of the targets requests. It is used by marketers to manipulate the behaviour of prospective purchasers. With it leading people to feel obligated to return the favour of the free trial or benefit by keeping and purchasing the product.
How does the door in the face aim to persuade
the door in the face initially begins with a large request, suggestion, do something or purchase something. With people being initally asked to donate or purchase something worth a significant amount to which is refused and the they suggest you to purchase something worth significantly less. idea of allowing one to support the cause but on their terms.
how does the foot in the door aim to persuade.
The persuader gets a person to agree to a small favour or to buy a small item only to later request a larger favour or bigger purchase from them. This is also linked to the psychology of compliance because the individual has complied to the initial request making them more likely to respond positively to the additional request.
What is the relationship between attitudes and behaviour.
there is a bi-directional relationship between attitudes and behaviour, therefore attitudes can influence behaviour and behaviour can influence attitudes.
