Social influence

Question 1

what is compliance?

Answer 1

occurs when an individual accepts influence because they hope to achieve a favourable reaction from those around them. an attitude/behaviour adopted not because of its content but because of the rewards/approval associated with its adoption.

Question 2

what is conformity?

Answer 2

results from exposure to the majority position and leads to compliance. it is the tendency for people to adopt the behaviour, attitudes and values of a reference group.

Question 3

what is identification?

Answer 3

where an individual adopts an attitude/behaviour because they want to be associated with a particular person or group.

Question 4

what is informational social influence?

Answer 4

a form of influence which is a result of the desire to be right. involves looking to others as a way of gaining evidence about reality.

Question 5

what is internalisation?

Answer 5

when an individual accepts influence because the attitude/behaviour proposed is consistent with their own value system

Question 6

what is normative social influence?

Answer 6

a form of influence whereby an individual conforms with the expectations of the majority in order to gain approval/to avoid social disapproval

Question 7

who proposed the three types of conformity?

Answer 7

Kelman (1958)

Question 8

what were the aims of the Asch study (1956)?

Answer 8

to see how the ‘real’ participant would react to the behaviour of the confederates and whether social pressure would make them conform

Question 9

how many male graduates were in the Asch study?

Answer 9

123 male US undergraduates

Question 10

what was the procedure of the Ash study?

Answer 10

three lines were placed in front of the group, one clearly longer than the other and the group took turns answering which line they thought was the longest (the participant answered after the confederates)

Question 11

what was the average conformity rate of the Asch study?

Answer 11

33%

Question 12

what did Asch find about many of the participants after interviewing them after?

Answer 12

majority of the participants who conformed continued to trust their own perceptions privately but changed answers to avoid disapproval

Question 13

how many participants never conformed during the Asch study?

Answer 13

1/4

Question 14

what were three variables that affected participants conformity during the Asch study?

Answer 14

group size
the unanimity of the majority
the difficulty of the task

Question 15

who conducted the Stanford Prison experiment?

Answer 15

Zimbardo

Question 16

what was the aim of Zimbardos experiment?

Answer 16

to find out whether brutality in prisons was based on sadistic personalities or whether they were influenced by the situation

Question 17

what did Zimbardo find?

Answer 17

the participants forgot they were apart of a psychological study and conformed to their roles (the guards became increasingly cruel and sadistic and the prisoners became increasingly passive and accepting of their plight)

Question 18

after how many days was the Zimbardo study terminated? and by who?

Answer 18

6 days
Christina Maslach (who went on to become Zimbardos wife)

Question 19

how many participants were involved in the Milgram study?

Answer 19

40

Question 20

what were participants in the Milgram study asked to do?

Answer 20

they would have to give electric shocks that increased in voltage over time to the ‘learner’ when they got the question wrong

Question 21

whats an example of a prod used in the Milgram experiment?

Answer 21

it is absolutely essential that you continue

Question 22

how many participants continued to the maximum shock level (450V)?

Answer 22

65%

Question 23

what amount of voltage did all participants get to?

Answer 23

300V (only 12.5% stopped here)

Question 24

what were the three situational factors effecting obedience?

Answer 24

proximity
location
the power of uniform