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social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

define conformity & majority influence

A

conformity = changing our beliefs / behaviours to fit in with everyone else

  • majority influence = behaviour of a large group affect the behaviour of a smaller group
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2
Q

what are the 2 types of conformity ?

A

Informational & normative

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3
Q

what is collective behaviour?

A
  • actions of a group of people who have come together for a particular reason
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4
Q

what is crowd behaviour

A
  • unplanned activity which could lead to people acting in a way they wouldn’t normally do.
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5
Q

what is pro social behaviour

A

actions that work in favour of society

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6
Q

what is anti - social behaviour

A

actions that work against society

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7
Q

examples of pro & anti social behaviour

A

pro = donating a charity
anti = mob rioting at a football match

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8
Q

define obedience

A
  • following the orders of an authority figure - individual behaves in a certain way because they feel there will be severe consequences if they do not do so.
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9
Q

examples of situational factors

A
  • majority influence
  • presence of an authority figure
  • deindividuation
  • culture
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10
Q

describe the role of situational factors to explain conformity.

A
  • effect of majority influence on conformity
  • suggests that the more people who are applying pressure to you , the more likely you are to conform
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11
Q

describe the effect of crowd & collective behaviour (situational)

A
  • you act differently in a crowd because you experience deindividuation -> you lose your sense of identity & act as the crowd does
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12
Q

what is the effect of culture on pro + anti social behaviour (situational )

A
  • some cultures are collectivist -> members more community minded -> do things that benefit society instead of them -> pro social behaviour
  • some cultures are individualistic -> focus on themselves. -> anti social behaviour
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13
Q

aim of Bickman’s study

A

investigate degree of social power associated with different types of uniform

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14
Q

research design for bickman

A

field experiment - real life setting

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15
Q

what was bickmans sample

A

153 pedestrians 18-61

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16
Q

how was bickmans study standardised

A
  • confederate giving orders were always a white male aged 18 & 20.
  • all had same features
17
Q

procedure of Bickman’s research

A
  • pedestrians were approached by one of 3 outfits (civillian , milkman & guard) & asked to do one of 3 things :
  • pick up litter
  • pay for parking
  • stand on the other side of the bus stop
17
Q

results of Bickman’s research

A
  • no significant difference in obedience rates between milkman & civillian - however for the guard , rates of obedience were significantly higher.
18
Q

2 criticisms for Bickman.

A
  • Due to the nature of the experiment - no informed consent was gained from the participants - & they had no right to withdraw. - makes the study unethical.
  • culturally biased -> people living in America may obey less than people in rural settings. -> findings do not represent other countries
19
Q

examples of dispositional factors

A
  • self esteem
  • authoritarian personality
  • locus of control
  • morality
20
Q

describe the role of authoritarian personality on obedience (dispositional )

A
  • this is a personality type that is brought about through a strict + rigid upbringing - leading individuals to fear authority figures
  • people with this personality are much more likely to obey authority figures.
  • as they’re unable to challenge authority figures , they are instead hostile & discriminatory to those they consider of a lower status
20
Q

describe the role of self esteem on conformity

A
  • a person can gave low self esteem (have a negative opinion on themselves - lacks confidence) or a high self esteem (positive view of themselves , feeling confident)
  • if someone with low self esteem lacks confidence - more likely to conform to a majority group
  • whereas those with high self esteem are more likely to maintain independent views.
20
Q

describe the role of morality on pro & anti social behaviour

A
  • 3 stages ->
20
Q

describe the role of locus of control on collective & crowd behaviour

A
  • internal locus of control = believe they are responsible for the outcomes in their own lives & success + failure are due to their own choices - less likely to engage in crowd behaviour
  • external locus of control = believe they have no control over their life & tend to be passive & accept what fate has in store for them. - More likely to engage in crowd behaviour
21
Q

criticism of dispositional factors

A

-focus too much on how individual traits may make somebody more likely to obey / conform - limited as it cannot be generalised to all situations - as there can be other factors that may prevent the person from being influenced.

21
Q

aim of Natcen study

A
  • to investigate what triggered the riots - with an involvement of young people
22
Q

natcen study - sample

A

36 participants evenly split over & under 18 - range of ethnic groups

23
Q

procedure for natcen

A
  • took place 5 weeks after riots
  • participants interviewed individually or in groups of 2 / 4.
23
Q

how did they maintain ethics in Natcen’s study

A
  • researchers gained full informed consent form participants & confidentiality
24
Q

what were the results of Natcen’s study (who was involved)

A
  • watchers -> observed but didn’t take part - bystanders. + curious
  • rioters - involved in violent disturbance / vandalism
  • looters - involved in breaking into shops & stealing goods
  • non involved - didn’t take part
25
Q

results for natcen ( why where they involved )

A
  • nudge factors encouraged them to get involved
  • tug factors discouraged involvement
26
Q
A
27
Q

What is normative conformity

A
  • when a person conforms to be accepted / belong to a group
  • changes public beliefs but still hold the same private beliefs
28
Q

what is infromational conformity

A
  • when a person conforms because they want to be perceived as correct & so follow the lead of others
29
Q

what is the effect of authority figures on obedience (situational)

A

the more power someone has , the more likely people will be to obey them. People are in an agentic state when they are given an order

30
Q

criticism of situational factor

A

-> deterministic -> assumption people will behave in similar ways when put in a certain situation. -> ignores individual differences

psychology (6 decks)

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