Social Inclusion and Exclusion Glossary Flashcards
What does social mobility mean?
The ability of individuals and groups to move vertically within a social hierarchy with changes in income, occupation and so on
What does ethnicity mean?
An individual’s identification with, or sense of belonging to, an ethnic group. This is based on perceived common origins that people share, such as a specific ancestry and culture, that mark them as different from others.
What does race mean?
A social construction, the members of which are treated as distinct or different on the basis of certain characteristics, some biological, that have been assigned a social value by others – for example, skin colour or other physical characteristics
What does social class mean?
Members of a society who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production. The different social classes experience wide variations in wealth, status, material possessions, education, power and authority. The hierarchical nature of the class system is expressed in labels such as ‘upper class’, ‘middle class’, ‘lower middle class’ and ‘working class’
What does social differentiation mean?
As society becomes more complex, differences between groups are used to distinguish between them. These differences may be based on biological or physiological differences, such as gender or ethnicity, or sociocultural differences, such as class and status. These criteria divide society into social groups on the basis of perceived differences between groups.
What does socioeconomic status mean?
A measure of an individual’s class standing, typically indicated by income, occupational prestige, educational attainment and wealth.
What does equality mean?
Equality is a concept which occurs when individuals and groups in a society have the same chances of access to education, wealth, power and rights under the law.
True social equality occurs only when there is social mobility and access to opportunities and resources that are socially valued
What does life course mean?
A culturally defined sequence of age categories through which people are usually expected to pass as they progress from birth to death.
What do human rights mean?
The fundamental rights that individuals should have as humans, such as the right to life, education and freedom of belief
What does prejudice mean?
The attitude, usually negative, that involves prejudgements or preconceived ideas, negative feelings and stereotyped beliefs held towards a whole group or its individual members.
What does discrimination mean?
Treating a person or group differently, often in a negative manner, usually as a result of prejudice. Discrimination may also be positive, designed to redress perceived injustice.
