Social Impact of Technology

Question 1

Technology definition

Answer 1

Study, development and application of devices, machines and techniques to manufacturing and productive processes

Question 2

Technology as Hardware (TAG)

Answer 2

Toys; (Primitive: Marbles→ Complex: Lego robot)

Appliances; (Primitive: Axe→ Complex: Vacuum cleaner)

Gadgets: (Primitive: Spear→ Complex; iPhone)

Question 3

Technology as Software (ADW)

Answer 3

Applications (Primitive: Abacus→ Complex: Photoshop)

Databases (Primitive: Filing cabinet→ Complex: iCloud)

Websites (Primitive: Encyclopedia→ Complex; Google)

Question 4

Technology as Organisation of Knowledge (MICH)

Answer 4

Media: (Primitive: Blackboard→ Complex: Google Cloud)

Internet: (Primitive: Morse code→ Complex: Online services)

Communications: (Primitive: Morse code→ Complex: Satellite)

Home entertainment: (Primitive: Playing cards→ Complex: Smart TV)

Question 5

Primitive Tech

Answer 5

Simplistic application of devices and techniques (may be outdated in today’s society)

Question 6

Complex Tech

Answer 6

Sophisticated machinery or application of devices relevant to to contemporary times (without primitive advancement to complex would have been impossible)

Question 7

Digital Revolution

Answer 7

Began in 1980’s (still ongoing)

Movement towards digital technology and away from mechanical and electronic (power cords, electrical circuits)

2000’s→ Internet, phones, digital TV common (previously expensive tech, large computers)

Question 8

The Information Age

Answer 8

Ability to transfer info freely and to access knowledge instantly (previously impossible)

Allows rapid global communications and networks→ shapes modern society

From this age; Price of computer dropped,increase in internet, job losses

Question 9

Outline how the nature and use of information and communication technology has evolved

Answer 9

1980’s→ Mobile phones (today almost as many phone subscriptions as people in world)

Mobile internet, data→ becomes important; social media trends

Cyber criminality→ poses threat to individuals and society

Question 10

Examine data from the ABS to compare trends in household use of information and communication technology over time

Answer 10

94% of Australians use the internet at ;least once a week

18-24→ Highest internet usage

64% of population bought goods online

2009→ 6 million households in Aus had access to internet

Question 11

Reasons for the development of Technology

SOCIAL BETTERMENT

Answer 11

Communication
Phone status symbol→ heightened self esteem to those in possession of latest tech

Transport
Society strives to maintain quality of life through preserving environment
Hybrid cars help maintain healthier air→ reduce reliance on fossil fuels

Consumer Services
Consumer support popular→Continued focus; Improves support for consumers and businesses

Question 12

Reasons for the development of Technology

THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY

Answer 12

Communication
Ability to contact family/friends/business clients by voice, text, video→ Makes geographically distant places seem close and accessible

Transport
Hybrid vehicles cut down carbon dioxide emissions by half and reduce polluting air by 90%

Consumer Services
Online support accessed anywhere, 24/7

Question 13

Reasons for the development of Technology

RESPONSE TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Answer 13

Communication
Mobile phone is sometimes used in response to increased alarm→ users know support is just a call away

Transport
Hybrid cars operate silently; been cause of accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists→ social problem needs further development
Several makers developed electric vehicle warning sounds designed to alert pedestrians to presence

Consumer Services
Online counselling services address social problems that exist within communities. E,g, Kids helpline, emergency helpline designed in response to social problems

Question 14

Reasons for the development of Technology

IMPROVE UPON EXISTING TECHNOLOGY

Answer 14

Communication
Push buttons mean that disabled people can more easily use phones
Cordless designs offer increased flexibility in terms of where calls can be taken

Transport
Low emission engines support a greener lifestyle
Rechargeable energy storage systems supplement fossil fuel

Consumer Services
Previously→ consumers read hard copy manuals and waited long time for face to face support
Improvements in tech allow for online help, voice/ key activation to select info needed.

Question 15

Reasons for the development of Technology

CONSUMER DEMAND AND HUMAN NEED

Answer 15

Communication
Screen/key size, weight, battery life, plans available→ result of consumer demand and human need
Addressing these areas serves needs of aged (larger screens) those on a budget (pre-paid SIM cards) travellers (extended battery life)

Transport
Soaring oil prices and rising level of consumer awareness about environmental issues→ making many car companies develop hybrid cars

Consumer Services
Web-based connection is convenient and accessible from anywhere

Question 16

Reasons for the development of Technology

ECONOMIC BENEFIT

Answer 16

Communication
Multiple functions in one (e.g. phone, internet and camera) → reduces cost in separate items,
App purchases provide ongoing source of income for developer

Transport
Hybrid cars are more expensive than traditional cars→ but long term economic benefits significant
Hybrid cars achieve 20-35% better fuel consumption→ equates to substantial economic benefit

Consumer Services
Online help is paperless→ Saves printing costs

Question 17

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Education

Answer 17

Students in remote regions; access education instantly, communicate with teacher via internet

Global classroom→ regular contact with students overseas to share ideas,

Those poorly educated and denied tech in education; may be resistant to adopting tech for own children

School with slow broadband→ may have negative global classroom experiences

Question 18

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Gender

Answer 18

Gender stereotyping; people equate certain tech with gender→ limiting and don’t represent acceptance of tech

E.g. Females linked with home tech (dishwashers) and Men linked with engineering tech

Question 19

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Geographical location

Answer 19

Mobile phones/internet→ made education, communication, business easier for people in remote locations

However some regions; limited access to technicians able to repair technology or lack of Internet

Question 20

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Religion

Answer 20

Religion sometimes restricts access; religion plays role in forming values and attitudes

Some religious groups use technology to spread gospel messages through TV, radio (Hillsong)

Question 21

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Age

Answer 21

Many who didn’t grow up with technologies→ may resist use

Some have access to new but prefer older ones that have served them in the past

Some older people resist change, but some embraced→ Aged use social media to keep in touch with family overseas

Question 22

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Culture

Answer 22

Some cultural groups may be isolated due to language barriers→ tech enabling own language or verbal prompts→ allows for increased increased

Some migrate from cultures where tech not widely been used; more likely to oppose it (E.g Amish oppose modern)

Question 23

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Economic status

Answer 23

Families from lower socioeconomic groups; may be accepting but reduced financial access

Adequate standard of living may have higher priority over expensive technology→ free public internet (attempt to address inequity)

Conflict between children who want latest tech and ability of parents to provide it

Question 24

FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Disability

Answer 24

Benefits from improved equipment/access to online services and education to improve learning

Advancement of MRI’s, CT scans, prosthetic (hips, knees, limbs) → improved wellbeing

Question 25

Technologies and the Family Household technology

Answer 25

Labour saving appliances, online shopping (dishwasher, microwave) Advantages: Less time spent on food prep, housework, shopping, frees time for multiple commitments Disadvantages: Decreased cooking skills, economic costs (low self esteem if can’t afford)

Question 26

Technologies and the Family Information and communication technology

Answer 26

Families want immediate response; wireless→ improves communication Satellite tracking, video calling (enhance safety, but may cause anxiety) Mobile phone,s social networks→ altered social environment, maintain contact with family Webcams; family contact or tool for business settings Some may experience alienation with frustration over tech or inequity in tech distribution Advantages: Keep families connected, share stories or photos in iCloud Disadvantages: Addiction to social media, rely on internet for instant news

Question 27

Technologies and the Family Entertainment technology

Answer 27

Online games, theme parks, surround sound, robots→ impacts on wellbeing Often learn of negative effects when tech fractures family relationships Advantages: Relax from stressed life, connects family members Disadvantages: Auditory/visual problems, anti-social behaviour, addictions

Question 28

Technologies and the Community FOOD

Answer 28

Tech for modified atmosphere packaging; extends shelf life, tamper evident and resealable Agriculture biotech; GMO foods (developing countries) Freeze dried foods→ leisure industry (camping/hiking) Food packaging tech; cater to single, two person families

Question 29

Technologies and the Community EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Answer 29

Learning more accessible; develop skills, remain motivated, equitable for all to acquire knowledge Students with disability; voice programs, learn at own pace Medical specialists collaborate overseas, virtually operate

Question 30

Technologies and the Community HEALTH AND MEDICINE

Answer 30

Medical tech; equipment, instruments, knowledge→ better health care Professionals to perform face lifts, plastic surgery (increase self esteem) Tech allows surgeries to be performed, skin grafts, life saving procedures Genetic engineering; change structure of genes (treat genetic disease) Reproductive tech (reshape infertile, same sex families)

Question 31

Technologies and the Community LEISURE AND ENTERTIANMENT

Answer 31

Aim of leisure; enhance wellbeing→ may be picnic in park or playing online with strangers Tech changed face of leisure activities; previous personal connections now with strangers, tech connection Before internet, mobile phones, pagers→ people could be off duty: from work after hours; now employees expected to be available via tech Leisure may be in social media, virtual chat rooms Employers, colleagues all expect instant responses to voicemail, emails→ impacts personal leisure tim

Question 32

Technologies and the Community TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL

Answer 32

9/11→ issues with travel; tech solved (airport security, body scanning, flights tracked, luggage checks) Tech monitors traffic; smoother traffic flow, reduce emissions, → commuters altered on mobile of train

Question 33

Technologies and the workplace | Safety technology

Answer 33

Reduce incidence of death/injury, exposure to hazards→ improve infrastructure Automatic shutdown systems; protect workers (sensors detect changes, robotic bomb detonation)

Question 34

Technologies and the workplace | Information and communication technology

Answer 34

Job losses; businesses investing more in tech→ affects economy (both parents need to work) On other hand→ tech may enhance working family wellbeing; communication for working away from home Specialised training required: different pay levels; greater access; better chance of higher income

Question 35

Technologies and the workplace | Structure of the workplace (HEEEF)

Answer 35

Health and safety Safe work Aus; national strategies for safe workplaces; research and evaluation, regulations Equipment All workplace electric equipment; must be tagged and tested Tools designed with cut-off switches, emergency releases, sensors and physical guards Efficiency Hardware runs communication lines→ ensures operation of local/international systems Stock numbers, sales figures→ entered into system and analysed→ graphs produced Education and training Training tool tech; collaborative/interactive learning (delivered in TV, computer, phone) Personalised; done at toie suitable for person→ online training if retraining necessary Flexibility Different approaches to tradition→ tech helps flexibility Employees telecommunicate allowing access to files at home, or skype with clients overseas

Question 36

Introduction of technology into the workplace

Answer 36

Practices evolve over time; resistance tech→ employers encouraged to offer training to upgrade staff skills, replace inefficient workplace equipment, acknowledge staff fears Employees encouraged to train develop flexibility in usage, be open minded E commerce; more efficient ATM, online stores→ purchase power for consumer Storehouses; barcode scanners, more immediate stock control (improves customer service)

Question 37

Assess the degree to which technology impacts on | Workplace safety

Answer 37

All equipment needs to be tested and tagged Machines instantly shut down if there is a problem, automatic shut down in a bank Criteria for tech to be up to date, safe and not a risk to employees Hard hats, protective clothing, fire alarms, sprinklers Cut off switches, emergency releases, sensors→ less hazards Security cameras

Question 38

Assess the degree to which technology impacts on | Work/life Balance

Answer 38

Training to use tech tech in own time Access files at home Online shopping→ delivery makes life easier Phone→ means you are accessible 24/7→ hard to switch off from work If overseas on work→ can communicate with family via skype, facetime Skype/facetime→ business partners teleconference Tech in tech to improve balance → E.g. Washing machine that can be programmed from work

Question 39

Assess the degree to which technology impacts on | Career Pathways

Answer 39

Job losses and reinventing→ changing face of traditionally known jobs Need to constantly update skills, retraining, education Updated facilities, equipment Need to update skills→ if not ‘tech savvy’ then won’t get promoted etc

Question 40

Evaluate the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees in adopting technology in the workplace

Answer 40

Practices evolve over time→ resistance to tech is great; employers need to help inclusion of tech into workforce by: Offer training opportunities for staff to upgrade skills Maintain existing tech and replace inefficient equipment Acknowledge staff fears and maintain open communication about new tech Employees encouraged to: Engage in training programs Develop flexibility in use of new tech, be open minded

Question 41

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Issues related to information and communication technology Information overload

Answer 41

Positives: Person can manage IO→ Spam emails filtered out, can choose ‘do not disturb’ on device Negatives: Information overload→ person is exposed to excessive amounts of emails, spam, reports, messages and links that appear on screens every day Rapidly expanding amounts of info available in an instant through Internet Thousands of articles online (nothing is removed, easy to access) Info easily spread through net→ disperse info quickly

Question 42

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Issues related to information and communication technology Copyright

Answer 42

Positives: Copyright: Provides legal protection for those who express ideas/info in mediums (writing, visual, music) People can check for copyrighted text and images→ plagiarism checkers. E.g. Turnitin Negatives: Tech→ makes it easy for people to copy work without acknowledging original owner ICT→ Easy to copy and share info, easy to access, hard to monitor

Question 43

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Issues related to information and communication technology Accuracy of information

Answer 43

Positives: Accuracy maintained through back ups, validation (security code sent to phone for online purchases) Data integrity fundamental to security Improvements; Red light cameras for transport, touch pads for swimmers→ accuracy of placings Negatives: Anyone can publish info online, regardless of how accurate it is, falsify data. E.g. Wikipedia

Question 44

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Issues related to information and communication technology Privacy and safety

Answer 44

Positives: Tracking devices on personal property, security codes on ATM and credit cards CCTV cameras→ more secure as digital footprint exists for police of anything were to happen to them Negatives: Lives constantly under surveillance→ Public transport, public places Devices can counter security measures; hacking software, decoding devices Increasing identity theft, file manipulation Facebook hacking, cyberbullying (safety compromised) Bank details, personal info hacked, or people can access on social media Some unaware of their privacy settings and don't protect themselves or others (flow on effect)

Question 45

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Issues related to information and communication technology Security of information

Answer 45

Positives: ICT→ providing greater accessibility, convenience, efficiency and productivity Security protects. E.g. Anti- spyware (Norton) unsafe internet pages filtered out so can't be accessed ATM’s cards pin protected, immediately frozen if lost/stolen Negatives: Threats → come from individuals, organised crime syndicates, viruses, hacking, identity theft and spam Each time tech changes to improve security→ people find way to counteract People may not know how secure details are when sign up for things, or complete surveys for companies Social media should be private and only people the individual knows should be added

Question 46

Debate the issues related to the development of information and communication technologies NEGATIVES

Answer 46

Physical wellbeing→ Overuse leads to auditory/ visual problems→ affects physical functioning Economic wellbeing→ High costs, if can't afford may lead to lowered self esteem Social wellbeing→ Lack of face to face communication. (E.g. Phones at dinner) Emotional wellbeing→ Cyberbullying, more vulnerable to bullies online, 24/7 access

Question 47

Debate the issues related to the development of information and communication technologies POSITIVES

Answer 47

Social wellbeing→ Can connect via social media to relatives overseas or friends Physical wellbeing→ Games that promote health (Wii Sports) Fitbit (innovations) Improved accuracy in medicine, surgery Economic wellbeing→ Youth better suited for increasing tech prevalence in jobs (job growth, industry

Question 48

Impact of emerging technologies Ethics

Answer 48

Ethics→ Values and standards central to our core beliefs (very personal) Technology creates conflict between values and standards E.g. Is it ethical to research genetic embryo material to reduce disease Is it ethical to interfere with nature for IVF→ Religious bioethics

Question 49

Impact of emerging technologies Equity and Access

Answer 49

Equal opportunities for all→ human right; inequities for tech needs to be addressed; E.g. Geographical isolated, socioeconomic disadvantage) Some have better access to, broadband speeds, medical tech, phone connection Address inequities: Free wifi in certain locations (E.g. Public libraries) Free education programs on using tech, or an ‘introduction to tech’ class Implementing global classrooms via Internet for geographically isolated

Question 50

Impact of emerging technologies Economic

Answer 50

Positives: Tech revolutionised workplace→ greater efficiency, reduced economic business costs Negatives: Expensive to develop Unemployment→ Greater use of tech in workplace→ lose jobs; economic wellbeing Estimated job losses as tech advances: - Train drivers (driverless trains in 2017→ Northwest rail link) - Surgery assistants (replaced by robots) - Dentists (replaced by machinery) - Post office workers (not as many letters sent today compared to past)

Question 51

Impact of emerging technologies Health and Safety

Answer 51

Positives: Safety cameras→ protective measures New treatments to enhance health and wellbeing Cancer research Creation of artificial organs and blood to save sick Negatives: Equity and access→ New tech generally only available in larger cities, to those who can afford

Question 52

Impact of emerging technologies Environmental

Answer 52

Positives: Forecast weather, recycling operations→ preserve environment Desalination plants→ address global water shortages, hydroponics for crop growth→ improve food source Negatives: Waste products from fossil fuel production, machinery→ destroy fragile environments E.g. Great Barrier Reef→ Industrialisation, machinery tearing up sand bed, pollution killing wildlife

Question 53

Impact of emerging technologies Educational and Learning

Answer 53

Positive: Enhance learning environment (smart boards, projectors) Global classroom→ strengthen learning opportunities Wireless systems→ self-directed learning platforms Negative: Slow internet speeds→ impact on access Widely accepted in schools→ not everyone can afford; emotional illbeing Increased periods of usage→ auditory/visual problems Tech replacing books, writing→ deterioration of handwriting and book usage

Question 54

Examine various emerging technologies and predict the potential impact of their development

Answer 54

Most jobs in 15 years don’t exist yet, those that do→ will change dramatically Tech advances shape society negatively by: Creating power and providing opportunities for it to be exerted over others (abusive) Introduce situations where human rights and legal systems have little control over tech Benefits of tech for society: - Connect individuals and communities through communication tech - Provide services to enhance education, wellbeing of all - Provide effective protective and defence regimes

Question 55

Smartphone definition

Answer 55

Portable, multifunctional device. Ability to make phone calls, send messages & other functions

Question 56

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Reasons for the development of the technology

Answer 56

Multifunctional→ all in 1 device, instead of owning many devices that only perform 1 function Portable, lightweight and compact→ Previously attached to a wall Functionality and connectivity important for business/social life SP needs to be durable and efficient→ new developments for consumer demand. E.g. Waterproof iPhone 7

Question 57

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology EDUCATION

Answer 57

Adolescents→ May need to use smartphones for education at school, Uni or TAFE Dictionary app, google for research, camera to take photos of textbooks, Accepted by people of all education levels Education needed about safe use and functionality; also appropriate info shared

Question 58

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology GENDER

Answer 58

Males tend to use smartphones for gaming; women for photography, social media Women place higher value on camera, size, weight→ buy lifestyle apps, social media Men place higher value on operating system→ games, business, health and fitness apps

Question 59

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Answer 59

Isolated→ very accepting (feel more connected) People in cities→ Feel pressure to have latest model Living remotely→ Network connection issues In large cities→ Network traffic

Question 60

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology RELIGION

Answer 60

SP→ Used by individuals of all religions, but some religions restrict usage Religious app→ make SP more accessible (Digital Qur’an, Islamic compass, Digital Bible) Religious officials support→ E.g. Pope’s twitter account

Question 61

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology AGE

Answer 61

All generations→ accepting. Young people use SP more predominately SP navigated easily by babies→ aged Children as young as 8→ feel pressured to own SP 24-35 age group dominate SP use

Question 62

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology CULTURE

Answer 62

Used by individuals of all cultures, but some cultural practices may restrict usage Some use functions of SP more predominantly→ E.g. Language translation app Cultural beliefs→ strengthened by connecting members via social media, facetime

Question 63

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology ECONOMIC STATUS

Answer 63

Accepted by people of all socioeconomic levels, but inequity in access Children from rich schools may be encouraged to use SP in lessons for classwork Lower socioeconomic families→ may feel pressure to own SP

Question 64

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Issues relating to technological development (RFI) Factors affecting access to and acceptance of the technology DISABILITY

Answer 64

Very accepting→ allows them to feel and be more connected (but may be expensive) Features modified to suit disability→ Physical disabilities; some prefer to use physical keyboard SP instead of carrying around a large folder of symbols

Question 65

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology SOCIALLY

Answer 65

Positive: Keep people connected→ social media apps, texts, phone calling, FaceTime Capture, store moments→ camera function, iCloud (share photos) Negative: Cyberbullying→ inappropriate texts, mobile apps Bombarded by emails, phone calls→ constantly connected to work, no switch off

Question 66

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology PHYSICALLY

Answer 66

Positive: Tracking fitness, health→ Caloriecount, Michelle Bridges app, heart rate monitor Fitbit connectivity Negative: Auditory/ Visual problems from overuse Sleep deprivation from 24/7 connectivity

Question 67

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology EMOTIONALLY

Answer 67

Positive: Allows individuals to have positive state of mind; feel organised and in control (Task manager, folders to organise apps into different categories) Timers, stopwatches, calculator→ multiple functions Parents feel comforted being in contact with children on public transport Negative: If don't distance from technology→ feel stressed Losing phone, all contacts, data→ emotional illbeing

Question 68

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology ECONOMICALLY

Answer 68

Positive: Internet banking→ convenient (don't worry about bank opening hours) Easy transfer money from one bank account to another Camera→ take photos of receipts, email receipts Negative: Cost of phones, repairs, data → expensive If hacked→ gain bank details

Question 69

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology CULTURALLY

Answer 69

Positive: Keep track of cultural events (reminders, online calendars) Connect and share experiences with others (snapchat, FB, iCloud) Language translation apps Negative: Some cultures may ban them (E.g. Amish)

Question 70

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Impact on lifestyle and wellbeing of the technology SPIRITUALLY

Answer 70

Positive: Use phone to play music, use various apps to meditate and relax Access religious apps and digital Holy Booms for portable convenience Negative: Some have constant updates from apps (Astrology, zodiac) Information overload Technical spirituality→ sense of self altered, not a physical spiritual connection

Question 71

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY | How has the technology emerged or developed over time?

Answer 71

1946→ 1st mobile network established (without wireless network, no wireless phones) 1994→ IBM combines cell phone and PDA→ Simon Personal Communicator 1994→ Smartphone market begins with Blackberry (only 2 way pager with email, not a phone) 2000→ Term ‘Smartphone’ appears on market 2007→ Apple iPhone→ more than a communication device, it's a mobile media centre 2008→ Google introduces Android IOS (quickly becomes dominant operating system) 2011→ 491.4 million smartphones sold worldwide 2016→ Estimated 1 billion annual smartphone sales

Question 72

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY What impact has the technology had politically, economically and socially? POLITICAL

Answer 72

Legislations developed to keep safe while using (E.g. no phone while driving→ fines and demerit points for misuse) Countries can trade, world leaders stay connected to each other Sharing important messages and info→ awareness of global issues (news, social media apps) Interactive medium for political messages; Facebook forum during election

Question 73

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY What impact has the technology had politically, economically and socially? ECONOMIC

Answer 73

Economically viable for business→ large market share of all tech on market Creates millions for developers, owners → E.g. Apple Advertisers have to fight for brand association Developers in accessories, apps→ E.g. Angry birds app led to movie Constant updates→ people want lastest version; keeps industry growing New jobs in research, production, development, maintenance, advertising - Phone glass repairs - Researchers for touchpads, bigger screens (consumer demand)

Question 74

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY What impact has the technology had politically, economically and socially? SOCIAL

Answer 74

Capture precious moments instantly (camera) and share with family and friends (iCloud) Individuals can interact closely (phone/ Facetime) Family away on business trips remain connected Bullying can occur (24/7 connectivity) Contacts store important personal /business info→ Portable, but if lost→ problem

Question 75

SELECTED PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY | What issues are related to the use and development of the technology?

Answer 75

Security risks and breaches, (hacking) Unintentional sharing of data Neck, auditory, visual problems from overuse High cost (affordability) Battery consumption, storage space, camera quality Fragility (break easily if dropped) most are non-waterproof Privacy issues(vulnerable to hackers/predators online) Hard to manage and oversee children's smartphones as a parent→ leads to cyberbullying problems, predators, sharing personal details Overheating Addiction Status symbol→ Apple considered superior brand→ those without may have lowered self esteem