Social GLA review(vocab) Flashcards
The vocab on the Social GLA
Adaptation
Adjusting to new environments
Allegiance
Loyalty to a person or cause
Altepetl
A Mesoamerican city-state
Anatomy
The structure of an organism
Aqueducts
Structures built to move water
Aristocracy
A form of government where the upper class holds power.
Assimilate
To absorb or integrate into a culture or society.
Astrolabe
A navigational tool used to measure the height of a celestial body
Astrology
Using space to tell the future
Astronomy
The study of the stars
Aztlan
The mythological original land of the Aztecs
Bakufu
A feudal military government system in Japan
Beliefs
Convictions or principles accepted as truths
Black Death
A pandemic of bubonic plague striking Eurasia in the 14th century
Bloodletting
A medical practice of drawing blood from a patient once believed to balance body humors.
Bushido
The code of honor Japanese samurai followed
Byzantine Empire
The eastern half of the Roman empire that was centered around Constantinople but was still standing after the fall of the Roman Empire.
Cacao
The bean-like seeds that chocolate is made from.
Calmecac
An Aztec school for nobles
Calpulli
A Mesoamerican kinship-based community or neighborhood
Cartography
Map-making
Causeways
Raised roads or pathways built across water or marshy land.
Chief of Internal Affairs
Someone responsible for managing issues and affairs within an organization or government.
Chinampas
Small floating gardens used for farming especially in Mesoamerica
Christianity
A monotheistic religion revolving around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Circumnavigate
To travel completely around something.
City-States
Independent states made up of a city and the surrounding area
Civic Humanism
A Renaissance ideology emphasizing participation in public life for the common good
Classic Civilizations
Ancient civilizations that made significant contributions to human history and culture eg. Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
Codex/Codices
Manuscript books, esp. those written before the printing press.
Commodore
A high-ranking naval officer
Conquistador
Spanish explorers and conquerors of the Americas in the 16th century.
Conscription
Mandatory enrollment into military service.
Council of Wise Men
A group of respected people convening to advise or make decisions.
Court
A formal assembly of monarchs, nobles, and advisors governing a country.
Crusades
A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church to:
-Claim Jerusalem from Muslim control
-Unite the Greek and Latin Churches.
Cultural Contact
Interactions between different cultures, usually sharing ideas, goods, and practices.
Daimyo
Japanese feudal lords that ruled over territories called “han”
Dam
Structures built to control or redirect the flow of water-also called a dyke.
Democracy
A form of government where everyone gets a voice
Diversity
A variety of different elements within a group or entity.
Edict
An official proclamation or law by someone in authority.
Edo
The former name of Tokyo, Japan, esp. during the Edo period (1603-1868)
Emperor
A sovereign ruler of an empire.
Ethnocentrism
Considering your culture superior to others
Excommunication
Official exclusion of someone from the Christian Church.
Expansionism
The policy of expanding the territorial or economic influence of a country or empire.
Exploration
Travelling in search of new geographical, scientific, or cultural knowledge
Feudal System
A social and economic system based on exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.
Feudalism
The political system of medieval Europe based on the exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.
Fiefdom
A feudal estate held by a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty to a lord or monarch.
Fifth Era
What the Aztecs call the current sun
Filial Piety
A Confucian virtue emphasizing respect for parents and ancestors.
Glyphs
Symbols or pictures used in writing, often associated with ancient civilizations.
Guild
An association of craftsmen or merchants organized to promote their interests and establish standards.
Han
Land that the Shogun gives the daimyo for their loyalty-kind of like a fiefdom.
Head of State
The highest-ranking official of a sovereign state responsible for representing the country both at home and abroad.
Hereditary
Passed on through generations by inheritance.
Heresy
Belief or opinion contrary to religious doctrine.
Hierarchy
A system in which people are ranked above each other based on status or authority.
Hinterland
The countryside outside a city-state
Holy Land
The region in the Middle East that holds importance with Muslims, Christians, and Jews-the Jerusalem area.
eg. Holy Sepulchre church and Dome of the Rock(al-Aqsa)
Humanism
A philosophical and cultural movement that emphasizes the value and potential of all human beings.
Huey Tlatoani
The emperor of the Aztec Empire
Huitzilopochtli
Hummingbird of the Left-the god of war and the sun in Aztec mythology
Human Sacrifice
Ritual killing of humans, usu. to appease a god or spirit
Identity
What makes someone different from others.
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence.
Indulgences
In Catholicism, remission of the temporal punishment granted by the Church.
Islam
A monotheistic religion following the Qur’an.
Isolation
Being separated or detached by others, often by choice.
Judaism
A monotheistic religion based on the covenants of God and the Hebrew people as outlined in the Torah.
Koku
A traditional Japanese unit of volume equal to about 180 liters of rice used to pay taxes.
Macehualtin
Commoners or peasants in Aztec society
Manor
The main house or castle on noble’s fiefdom.
Mayeuques
Farmer-peasants in the Aztec Empire
Mesoamerica
The region of Central America where many ancient civilizations flourished.
Metropolis
A large and densely populated urban area.
Mexica
What the Aztecs called themselves.
Middle Ages
The time period in Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance from the 5th to 15th century.
Militarism
Believing that a country should have a lot of military power.
Modernization
Making something modern
Monarchies
Forms of government where a king or queen holds supreme power.
Moors
Muslims who held the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages.
multicultural
Has a lot of cultures
Nahua
An ethnic group the Aztecs were part of.
Nationalistic
Characterized by passion for one’s country or patriotism.
Nobles
Members of the noble class.
Oligarchy
A form of government where only a few people hold power
Omen
A sign or event believed to tell the future.
Oral tradition
Passed down through word of mouth.
Papacy
The authority of the Pope
Parish
A local administrative division within some Christian denominations.
Patron of the Arts
Someone who supports artists often financially.
Peasants/Serfs
Farmers who were tied to the land in feudal societies.
Perspective(personal)
Someone’s way of seeing the world.
Perspective(art)
The technique of making something look 3-D.
Pestilence
A fatal epidemic disease.
Philosophers
People who questioned life, reason, existence, knowledge, and values.
Pilgrimage
A journey for religious or spiritual reasons.
Pipiltin
Nobles or aristocrats in Aztec society.
Plateau
A large flat hill
Pochteca
Aztec merchants that specialized in long-distance trade-but they were also spies.🕵
Popular Culture
Cultural products and practices enjoyed by the general public.
Priests
Religious officials that carry out ceremonies.
Protestant
A sect of Christianity that follows the Reformation.
Quetzalcoatl
Feathered Serpent-a main god in Aztec society associated with the wind and morning star
Republic
A form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
Renaissance
A period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe, marking the modernization and move from the Middle Ages.
Resources
Materials or assets that can be used to make goods or provide services.
Ritual
A formal ceremony or procedure, often religious.
Rural
Referring to the countryside or agriculture.
Sacrifice
Giving up something valuable for the sake of something else.
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to solving a problem.
Semi-nomadic
A lifestyle combining both settled and nomadic living.
Seppuku
Ritual suicide according to Bushido.
Shogun
The supreme military leader of Japan during the feudal period, basically the ruler of the country.
Silk Road
A trading route through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
Society
A community of people living together.
Sovereignty
Supreme authority or power to govern oneself.
Stoic
A person who adapts easily
Tecutin
A person who ruled smaller areas than the tlaloque.
Telpochcalli
Aztec school for commoners.
Templo Mayor
The main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, centered around Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc.
Tenochtitlan
The Aztec capital
Can also be called “the capital of the Aztec Empire”
Tezcatlipoca
Smoking Mirror-An Aztec god associated with fate, war, and sorcery.
Eagle and Jaguar Knights
Elite warriors in Aztec society.
The Sun Stone
An Aztec carved stone telling how the first 4 suns died.
Tithe
A tenth of something used to pay as tax to a church or clurgy.
Tlacotin
Slaves in Aztec society, used for labor and sacrifice.
Tlaloc
The Aztec god of rain, fertility, and water.
Tlatelolco
A section of Tenochtitlan known for its market and a massacre on the Aztecs by Spanish forces in 1968
Tlaloque
Someone who ruled over larger cities and towns in the Aztec Empire.
Toltecah
A Columbian pre-Mesoamerican culture.
Tonalpohualli
The Aztec 260-day calendar used for religious purposes.
Trade
The buying and selling of goods and services.
Trecena
An Aztec 13-day week
Tribute
Payment made periodically by one ruler to another.
Triple Alliance
A military/political alliance formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.
Urbanization
Concentrating the population into urban areas.
Usury
Charging excessive interest on loans
Values
Principles or standards of behavior
Vernacular
The language or dialect spoken by people in a particular country or region.
Western World
Regions of the world that are Westernized.
Worldview
Someone’s perspective about the world, affected by outside influences.
Xiuhmolpilli
A 52-year period on the Aztec calendar when the Xiuhtlapohualli and the Tonalpohualli match up.
Xiuhtlapohualli
A 365-day Aztec agricultural and everyday calendar.
Nahuatl
Do not mix up with Nahua.
The language of the Aztecs
