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Social GLA > Social GLA review(vocab) > Flashcards

Social GLA review(vocab) Flashcards

The vocab on the Social GLA

1
Q

Adaptation

A

Adjusting to new environments

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2
Q

Allegiance

A

Loyalty to a person or cause

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3
Q

Altepetl

A

A Mesoamerican city-state

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

The structure of an organism

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5
Q

Aqueducts

A

Structures built to move water

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6
Q

Aristocracy

A

A form of government where the upper class holds power.

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7
Q

Assimilate

A

To absorb or integrate into a culture or society.

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8
Q

Astrolabe

A

A navigational tool used to measure the height of a celestial body

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9
Q

Astrology

A

Using space to tell the future

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10
Q

Astronomy

A

The study of the stars

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11
Q

Aztlan

A

The mythological original land of the Aztecs

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12
Q

Bakufu

A

A feudal military government system in Japan

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13
Q

Beliefs

A

Convictions or principles accepted as truths

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14
Q

Black Death

A

A pandemic of bubonic plague striking Eurasia in the 14th century

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15
Q

Bloodletting

A

A medical practice of drawing blood from a patient once believed to balance body humors.

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16
Q

Bushido

A

The code of honor Japanese samurai followed

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17
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

The eastern half of the Roman empire that was centered around Constantinople but was still standing after the fall of the Roman Empire.

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18
Q

Cacao

A

The bean-like seeds that chocolate is made from.

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19
Q

Calmecac

A

An Aztec school for nobles

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20
Q

Calpulli

A

A Mesoamerican kinship-based community or neighborhood

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21
Q

Cartography

A

Map-making

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22
Q

Causeways

A

Raised roads or pathways built across water or marshy land.

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23
Q

Chief of Internal Affairs

A

Someone responsible for managing issues and affairs within an organization or government.

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24
Q

Chinampas

A

Small floating gardens used for farming especially in Mesoamerica

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25
Q

Christianity

A

A monotheistic religion revolving around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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26
Q

Circumnavigate

A

To travel completely around something.

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27
Q

City-States

A

Independent states made up of a city and the surrounding area

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28
Q

Civic Humanism

A

A Renaissance ideology emphasizing participation in public life for the common good

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29
Q

Classic Civilizations

A

Ancient civilizations that made significant contributions to human history and culture eg. Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.

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30
Q

Codex/Codices

A

Manuscript books, esp. those written before the printing press.

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31
Q

Commodore

A

A high-ranking naval officer

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32
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish explorers and conquerors of the Americas in the 16th century.

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33
Q

Conscription

A

Mandatory enrollment into military service.

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34
Q

Council of Wise Men

A

A group of respected people convening to advise or make decisions.

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35
Q

Court

A

A formal assembly of monarchs, nobles, and advisors governing a country.

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36
Q

Crusades

A

A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church to:
-Claim Jerusalem from Muslim control
-Unite the Greek and Latin Churches.

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37
Q

Cultural Contact

A

Interactions between different cultures, usually sharing ideas, goods, and practices.

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38
Q

Daimyo

A

Japanese feudal lords that ruled over territories called “han”

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39
Q

Dam

A

Structures built to control or redirect the flow of water-also called a dyke.

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40
Q

Democracy

A

A form of government where everyone gets a voice

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41
Q

Diversity

A

A variety of different elements within a group or entity.

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42
Q

Edict

A

An official proclamation or law by someone in authority.

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43
Q

Edo

A

The former name of Tokyo, Japan, esp. during the Edo period (1603-1868)

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44
Q

Emperor

A

A sovereign ruler of an empire.

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45
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Considering your culture superior to others

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46
Q

Excommunication

A

Official exclusion of someone from the Christian Church.

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47
Q

Expansionism

A

The policy of expanding the territorial or economic influence of a country or empire.

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48
Q

Exploration

A

Travelling in search of new geographical, scientific, or cultural knowledge

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49
Q

Feudal System

A

A social and economic system based on exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.

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50
Q

Feudalism

A

The political system of medieval Europe based on the exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.

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51
Q

Fiefdom

A

A feudal estate held by a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty to a lord or monarch.

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52
Q

Fifth Era

A

What the Aztecs call the current sun

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53
Q

Filial Piety

A

A Confucian virtue emphasizing respect for parents and ancestors.

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54
Q

Glyphs

A

Symbols or pictures used in writing, often associated with ancient civilizations.

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55
Q

Guild

A

An association of craftsmen or merchants organized to promote their interests and establish standards.

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56
Q

Han

A

Land that the Shogun gives the daimyo for their loyalty-kind of like a fiefdom.

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57
Q

Head of State

A

The highest-ranking official of a sovereign state responsible for representing the country both at home and abroad.

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58
Q

Hereditary

A

Passed on through generations by inheritance.

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59
Q

Heresy

A

Belief or opinion contrary to religious doctrine.

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60
Q

Hierarchy

A

A system in which people are ranked above each other based on status or authority.

61
Q

Hinterland

A

The countryside outside a city-state

62
Q

Holy Land

A

The region in the Middle East that holds importance with Muslims, Christians, and Jews-the Jerusalem area.

eg. Holy Sepulchre church and Dome of the Rock(al-Aqsa)

63
Q

Humanism

A

A philosophical and cultural movement that emphasizes the value and potential of all human beings.

64
Q

Huey Tlatoani

A

The emperor of the Aztec Empire

65
Q

Huitzilopochtli

A

Hummingbird of the Left-the god of war and the sun in Aztec mythology

66
Q

Human Sacrifice

A

Ritual killing of humans, usu. to appease a god or spirit

67
Q

Identity

A

What makes someone different from others.

68
Q

Imperialism

A

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence.

69
Q

Indulgences

A

In Catholicism, remission of the temporal punishment granted by the Church.

70
Q

Islam

A

A monotheistic religion following the Qur’an.

71
Q

Isolation

A

Being separated or detached by others, often by choice.

72
Q

Judaism

A

A monotheistic religion based on the covenants of God and the Hebrew people as outlined in the Torah.

73
Q

Koku

A

A traditional Japanese unit of volume equal to about 180 liters of rice used to pay taxes.

74
Q

Macehualtin

A

Commoners or peasants in Aztec society

75
Q

Manor

A

The main house or castle on noble’s fiefdom.

76
Q

Mayeuques

A

Farmer-peasants in the Aztec Empire

77
Q

Mesoamerica

A

The region of Central America where many ancient civilizations flourished.

78
Q

Metropolis

A

A large and densely populated urban area.

79
Q

Mexica

A

What the Aztecs called themselves.

80
Q

Middle Ages

A

The time period in Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance from the 5th to 15th century.

81
Q

Militarism

A

Believing that a country should have a lot of military power.

82
Q

Modernization

A

Making something modern

83
Q

Monarchies

A

Forms of government where a king or queen holds supreme power.

84
Q

Moors

A

Muslims who held the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages.

85
Q

multicultural

A

Has a lot of cultures

86
Q

Nahua

A

An ethnic group the Aztecs were part of.

87
Q

Nationalistic

A

Characterized by passion for one’s country or patriotism.

88
Q

Nobles

A

Members of the noble class.

89
Q

Oligarchy

A

A form of government where only a few people hold power

90
Q

Omen

A

A sign or event believed to tell the future.

91
Q

Oral tradition

A

Passed down through word of mouth.

92
Q

Papacy

A

The authority of the Pope

93
Q

Parish

A

A local administrative division within some Christian denominations.

94
Q

Patron of the Arts

A

Someone who supports artists often financially.

95
Q

Peasants/Serfs

A

Farmers who were tied to the land in feudal societies.

96
Q

Perspective(personal)

A

Someone’s way of seeing the world.

97
Q

Perspective(art)

A

The technique of making something look 3-D.

98
Q

Pestilence

A

A fatal epidemic disease.

99
Q

Philosophers

A

People who questioned life, reason, existence, knowledge, and values.

100
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey for religious or spiritual reasons.

101
Q

Pipiltin

A

Nobles or aristocrats in Aztec society.

102
Q

Plateau

A

A large flat hill

103
Q

Pochteca

A

Aztec merchants that specialized in long-distance trade-but they were also spies.🕵

104
Q

Popular Culture

A

Cultural products and practices enjoyed by the general public.

105
Q

Priests

A

Religious officials that carry out ceremonies.

106
Q

Protestant

A

A sect of Christianity that follows the Reformation.

107
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

Feathered Serpent-a main god in Aztec society associated with the wind and morning star

108
Q

Republic

A

A form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives.

109
Q

Renaissance

A

A period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe, marking the modernization and move from the Middle Ages.

110
Q

Resources

A

Materials or assets that can be used to make goods or provide services.

111
Q

Ritual

A

A formal ceremony or procedure, often religious.

112
Q

Rural

A

Referring to the countryside or agriculture.

113
Q

Sacrifice

A

Giving up something valuable for the sake of something else.

114
Q

Scientific Method

A

A systematic approach to solving a problem.

115
Q

Semi-nomadic

A

A lifestyle combining both settled and nomadic living.

116
Q

Seppuku

A

Ritual suicide according to Bushido.

117
Q

Shogun

A

The supreme military leader of Japan during the feudal period, basically the ruler of the country.

118
Q

Silk Road

A

A trading route through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.

119
Q

Society

A

A community of people living together.

120
Q

Sovereignty

A

Supreme authority or power to govern oneself.

121
Q

Stoic

A

A person who adapts easily

122
Q

Tecutin

A

A person who ruled smaller areas than the tlaloque.

123
Q

Telpochcalli

A

Aztec school for commoners.

124
Q

Templo Mayor

A

The main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, centered around Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc.

125
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

The Aztec capital

Can also be called “the capital of the Aztec Empire”

126
Q

Tezcatlipoca

A

Smoking Mirror-An Aztec god associated with fate, war, and sorcery.

127
Q

Eagle and Jaguar Knights

A

Elite warriors in Aztec society.

128
Q

The Sun Stone

A

An Aztec carved stone telling how the first 4 suns died.

129
Q

Tithe

A

A tenth of something used to pay as tax to a church or clurgy.

130
Q

Tlacotin

A

Slaves in Aztec society, used for labor and sacrifice.

131
Q

Tlaloc

A

The Aztec god of rain, fertility, and water.

132
Q

Tlatelolco

A

A section of Tenochtitlan known for its market and a massacre on the Aztecs by Spanish forces in 1968

133
Q

Tlaloque

A

Someone who ruled over larger cities and towns in the Aztec Empire.

134
Q

Toltecah

A

A Columbian pre-Mesoamerican culture.

135
Q

Tonalpohualli

A

The Aztec 260-day calendar used for religious purposes.

136
Q

Trade

A

The buying and selling of goods and services.

137
Q

Trecena

A

An Aztec 13-day week

138
Q

Tribute

A

Payment made periodically by one ruler to another.

139
Q

Triple Alliance

A

A military/political alliance formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.

140
Q

Urbanization

A

Concentrating the population into urban areas.

141
Q

Usury

A

Charging excessive interest on loans

142
Q

Values

A

Principles or standards of behavior

143
Q

Vernacular

A

The language or dialect spoken by people in a particular country or region.

144
Q

Western World

A

Regions of the world that are Westernized.

145
Q

Worldview

A

Someone’s perspective about the world, affected by outside influences.

146
Q

Xiuhmolpilli

A

A 52-year period on the Aztec calendar when the Xiuhtlapohualli and the Tonalpohualli match up.

147
Q

Xiuhtlapohualli

A

A 365-day Aztec agricultural and everyday calendar.

148
Q

Nahuatl

Do not mix up with Nahua.

A

The language of the Aztecs

Social GLA (2 decks)

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