Social development

Question 1

What were the three types of infant Temperament that Thomas and Chess identified?

Answer 1

Easy infants
Difficult infants
Slow to warm up infants

Question 2

Outline the features of easy infants

Answer 2

Generally happy, have a regular routine and can adapt to environments easily

Question 3

Outline the features of difficult infants

Answer 3

Intense, slow to adapt to new places and had irregular routines

Question 4

Outline the features of slow to warm up infants

Answer 4

Negative mood and slow to adapt to new environments

Question 5

Define Temperament

Answer 5

Early form of personality in babies

Question 6

What is the behaviourist approach to attachment?

Answer 6

Infants form attachments to their primary caregiver due to associating pleasure of being fed to their parent

Question 7

How did Harlow investigate attachment?

Answer 7

Presented monkeys with the option of a fake mother made from wire and cloth and altered which monkeys were fed by which mother

Question 8

What was Harlow’s findings?

Answer 8

He found that the monkeys preferred the physical comfort of the cloth mother over the wire one regardless of which mother fed them

Question 9

What was Rutter’s research on Romanian orphans?

Answer 9

Studied 111 Romanian orphans who were adopted into the UK in a longitudinal study

Question 10

What did Rutter find following his study on orphans?

Answer 10

He found that the sooner orphans were adopted the better they were at developing

Question 11

What three attachment types did Mary Ainsworth identify?

Answer 11

Secure attachment
Insecure-resistant attachment
Insecure-avoidant attachment

Question 12

Outline the features of a secure attachment

Answer 12

Moderate distress when mother leaves the room however quickly calms down upon her arrival. Infants play but do seek proximity comfort to an extent

Question 13

Outline the features of an insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 13

Little to no distress shown when mother leaves the room and no interaction regarding re-introduction, seek no proximity comfort

Question 14

Outline the features of an insecure-resistant attachment

Answer 14

Large amounts of distress shown when mother leaves the room and crying continues until she re-enters. Little to no exploration on their own

Question 15

What is an autonomous mother?

Answer 15

Children of these mothers recall positive and negative aspects of their childhood

Question 16

What is a dismissing mother?

Answer 16

These mothers devalue their relationship with their children and can even claim not to have one

Question 17

What is a preoccupied mother?

Answer 17

Mothers were not consistent during childhood